The New Ideas About The Feature Of The Sound Glosses In Shiming

The book Shiming was written by Liu Xi, the East-Han Dynasty scholar. The book was arranged as 27 parts according to the categories of things. We abstract all the words described in the book(Bei Shi Ci),and rank them in the orders in the original book. These categories are all sets of all kinds of meanings, which are homogenous to the semantic fields in the modern semantics. The 27 parts of the book are in fact 27 big semantic fields, and every part is separated to many small categories, that is, the mother-field comprises many son-fields.We will make use of the method of componential analysis to analyze the sound glosses in the book , The glosses are different from general dictionary ,that is ,it isn't done isolated, however ,in the smallest set which every word is in and are compared with other words, emphasized on the different points. The sound gloss word has the same sememe to the word illustrated and the same sememe is just the different sememe of the word illustrated and other words in the semantic field. What's more ,the phrase following the sound gloss word illustrate the sound gloss word further. These semantic fields can be classified as sorts fields ,orders fields and grade fields according to the modern semantics. Many semantic fields are arranged in the same part and every field is the same category. While there is another particular semantic field in which the lexemes are distributed in different parts in the book owning to the limit of the principle of the book. We associate these lexemes according to the method that Liu xi make use of ,"Tongxun""Huxun""Dixun" i,e., and control them according to "word form" "word sound" and "word meaning", that is, they must have the same Xiesheng parts ,the same or like word sound ,a same sememe ,then we decide the words like these are "homogenous words" temporarily.The category method of Shiming show us the thought feature of Huaxia people .and how the ancient people understand the things and the lexemes . Maybe, people in today consider some glosses in Shiming are unreasonable ,however, when we put these glosses in the ancient culture situation, considering these glosses from the concrete and toward-myself thoughts of Huaxia people ,ancient custom and words meanings ,ancient ethical thoughts ,ancient economical pattern and the figure of things in Han Dynasty ,the especial thinking model of Han Dynasty, ancient technological and social situation ,we may find the answers to them.