Research On Relief Institute Of Sichuan Province In National Government Period

Relief institute was a comprehensive organization, which was set up to handle the social relief in the period of National government. With the announcement and implementation on " Rules of relief institute in every place " that Ministry of Internal Affairs made, all counties and cities of Sichuan Province set up relief institute successively, by the end of 1946, the amount had reached 112 altogether in the whole province. The institutional framework of relief institute was comparatively perfect, having rooms, institute's affair meeting, various kinds of committees of groups, dealing with the whole institute's affairs; The institute was engaged in the production activity by setting up sub-institute separately, handling the business concretely; establishing department's group of production. It was comparatively rational for the personnel arrangement in relief institute, consisting of president, vice-president, director, secretary, instructor, administrator, office assistant, technician, doctor, nurse, teacher, accountant, odd—woodman, and etc. The staff member each had its own division, performed its own functions, and devoted to the development of the business together. Fund was the foundation to launch the business and make achievements in the institute. Relief institute's funds relied mainly on independent raising in all counties and cities, the main source was institute's own property, financial budget, adding-tax, accumulating grains, diverting the disaster-stricken areas'relief fund, soliciting contributions, donation, production income, the fund fruits, etc. Although collecting in many ways, relief institute's funds was always so seriously not enough that it couldn't meet the demands of business and restrained the social relief function. Relief institute set up branches, such as nursing babies, educating the young, reassuring the old, disabled, women, practicing skills, aiding and loan, etc. to educate the young, comfort orphans, support patients and sympathize the deformed separately, woman cultivation, vagrant and poor people practicing skills, giving charity such as money, grains, medicine, loan etc. .All counties and cities could only launch partial business because of funds limitation. Relief institute made various kinds of rules and regulations to ensure the business to go on normally and orderly, including coming out and going in, asking for leave, virgin baby adoption, entering higher school or employment, practicing skills, hygiene, loan, etc. The content of teaching and training in relief institute was comparatively scientific and reasonable. Guided by the principle of teaching and training concurrently, of working and studying as equally important, relief institute imparted knowledge, passed on skills, invoked personality and citizen knowledge and political and ideological training for relieved people in order to let them learn some certain knowledge, foster abilities of making a living, and become a good citizen supporting oneself and conducting oneself with dignity for social need. Production occupied an important position in relief institute's business. With " changing consumption into production, Production and relief business feeding each other " as its principle, relief institute organized positively the relieved people to be engaged in various kinds of peasants and workers'production. It made the relieved more skillful, produced a large number of products as well, increased incomes, and compensated the funds that were insufficient seriously to a certain extent. Because the fund was insufficient seriously, the relief competence was very low. It could be seen from the fact that the life of relieved people could only keep the minimum level, the number of people was accommodated limitedly;the number of relieved people outside was limited, and they got a little number of money and grain. Social relief was the necessary means to dispel social contradiction, safeguard social safety, and consolidate governance. Relief institute's social function was too faint to dissolve social contradiction, safeguard social safety, consolidate governance. The failure of social relief became an important social reason that National government collapsed.