The Study On Nanjing National Government's Refugee Relief And Rehabilitation After The Victory Of The Anti-Japanese War

The lasting eight-years Anti-Japanese War and the natural disasters that occurred frequently had resulted in millions of refugees and victims, most of whom were struggling on the brink of death and waiting for the urgent relief. In order to cure the wound of the war and resume the normal social order, the Nanjing National Government set up the Executive Yuan Relief and Rehabilitation Administration (EYRRA), with the aids of the United Nations Relief and Rehabilitation Administration (UNRRA), as the leading organization in the relief and rehabilitation work after the war. The government not only built a series of organizational structure and strict regulations and policy, but also changed the methods which were originally on relief, let the relief improved the rehabilitation, and carried out the relief and rehabilitation work. This work made a large number of refugees'lives safe, and produced positive effect on reestablishing the normal social order.The preface of this article briefly summarizes the current study situation for this problem and defines the concepts of"refugee", and"the relief improved the rehabilitation"which are frequently used in the article.The body part of the thesis can be divided into four sections: The first part reviews the forming reasons and distribution of refugees, and the social unrest and crisis caused by refugees, in order to analyze the urgency and necessity of the refugee relief. The second part involves the system construction for the business of the relief and rehabilitation, including its guiding ideology, organizations and structures, staffing characters, as well as the rehabilitation materials'sources, assigning principle, directing policy and so on. The third part relates to the process of the refugee relief and rehabilitation, which is divided into three areas: national unification area, flooded area by the Yellow River, liberated area. The fourth part firstly focuses on the effect and achievement of the refugee relief and rehabilitation work, then summarizes its accomplishments and analyzes its characteristics and insufficiency.Yet gaining some achievements and partially improving the lives of the people, these refugee relief and rehabilitation were still far from the public's expectation and the need of social reality. By analyzing those disadvantages, we can not only benefit from their experience and take some lessons, but also gain some thoughts and enlightenments: we should ensure a peaceful and stable social environment for the society, reinforce the legality building of social security system and establish a sound supervising mechanism. In addition, we must fully mobilize the power of the publics to participate in social undertakings so as to supplement the government's administrative capacity and found the favorable interaction between the government and the society.