Research Of Agriculture Exploiture And Disaster In The North-East Region In Late Qing

The SongHua River locates in the north of the North-East region. Late Qing is the mostimportant period in the process of exploiting the SongHua River drainage area. Peoples whosemajority was the Han nationality procured the great harvest on agricultural ,industry andcommerce and building towns by woking hard on the base of exploiting this region. In Late Qing ,the conjuncture of the northeast border area was worse thanbefore .Considering the domestic and diplomatic difficulties, the government of the QingDynasty constituted some policies such as "migrating people to the northeast border area forenriching this region" and "assarting badlands for raising money" to unchain the ban of entry.In the period between the end of Qing Dynasty and the initial time of Republic, a mass ofmigrations got the SongHua River drainage area and these people became the source of labourforce. At the same time , the dimension of assart was greater than before . But migration hadnot the enough ability to consider the entironment at the time of assart and the centralgovernment did not constitute the policies to program the exploiting process. An extendedpredatory assart and disaster destroyed the entironment of the SongHua River drainage areainitially. Mang terrible conditions such as soil was eroded , the soil fertility fell stepwise andthe climate was drier and warmer than before. At the end of Qing Dynasty , there was a tide that disaster became frequent in theSongHua River drainage area. The reasons of this tide were various and they could beconcluded to two factors :one was natural and the other was man-made .A mass of migrationswho had residented inboard of ShanHai Pass originally swarmed into the SongHua Riverdrainage area. Migrations' behaviors such as assarted earth and felled forest were immoderateand disasters were frequent as a result. At the same time, frequent disasters influented thepeople's life greatly and they blocked the development of local social economy. Therelationships among agriculture development , the entironment and disastes were close andthey influented each other . The phenomena that entironment was deteriorated stepwise anddisasters became frequently were results of immoderate assart .The initial stage thatentironment was deteriorated was at the end of Qing Dynasty . This thesis is divided into three parts: First, the thesis analyzes the causes of agriculture development in the SongHua Riverdrainage area and dose research on increase and development of population in this region. Secondly, the thesis analyzes the relationship between agriculture development and theentironment. The means that grangers used were so rough that the ability of soil fell andvegetation of this region was destroied badly. The entironment began to degenerate in thisperiod . Finally,the thesis analyzes the relationship between agriculture development anddisasters. Immoderate assart brought on a terrible condition that disaste became frequently. Byanalyzing disasters' statuses ,influences and characteristics, author thinks the tide that disastesbecame frequently year after year tied up with people's activity .