Studies Of The Ways, Characters And Influence On The Local Officials Fabricating Disaster And Embezzling Relief In The Qing Dynasty

The problem of fabricating disaster and embezzling relief was not only a problem in a certain dynasty, but also one of the ways that displayed the intrinsic defects of the bureaucracy mechanism in the feudal society. And it was much more apparent accompanied with the culminating and decaying of the Qing Dynasty. According to the volumes of historical sources we can see clearly that the government warned the officials who presided the relief against corrupting and whoever disobeyed would be severely punished except the definitude of the relief. In this paper, the first hand materials from the general archives of the Personnel Affairs, the duplicate files of the Junjichu, the veritable memoir of the Qing Dynasty and so on, have been collected from the First Historical Archives of China, and the phenomenon of fabricating disaster and falsely claiming relief is studied from its characters, the policies' reason and social influence.In concrete, this paper will take up the following five parts one by one:1. Introduction. There is seldom special study on the phenomenon of the fabricating disaster and embezzling relief which occurred often in the study of the economic crime in economical history and cases of corruption in social history. And what's more, the previous study was centered on the isolated cases but not from the whole system.2. The ways of fabricating disaster and falsely claiming relief of the local officials and the disaster relief system of the Qing Dynasty. Although there was perfected disaster relief system, the phenomenon often occurred during the whole process: reporting the disaster untruthfully, bribing the committee during the course of investigation, making pseudo roster, extorting the ticket of relief, embezzling it when rationing out, and so on. The local officials took fabricating disaster as means and embezzling relief the aim, which made the policy of relief stray from its original intention. In spite of the policies being perfected, the practical effects turned worse and...