Study On Disaster Relief And Anti-corruption Measures In Guangdong During The Qing Dynasty

Guangdong is located in the low latitude of mainland China,facing the vast ocean,belonging to the tropical and subtropical monsoon climate zone,has always been a natural disaster prone area.Natural disasters exert impact to all aspects of agricultural production.If corruption occurs in disaster relief,refugees will be homeless,disaster impact will be worsened,even riots would be arisen.In China's feudal dynasties,like the late Qin,Sui and Ming Dynasty,natural disasters lead to peasant uprisings.All the above dynasties finally went to an end.China's feudal dynasties valued anti-corruption enforcement in their prosperous periods,curbed corruption and promoted a clean government to a certain extent.In the heyday of the Qing Dynasty when Kang Xi,Yong Zheng,and Qian Long were the emperors,anti-corruption thoughts and mechanism inherited the experiences of the past,and got further development.Especially great importance had been attached to anti-graft in the disaster relief,so some achievements have been made,which purified the atmosphere in the official circles.In this paper,the study sets the background of the agricultural production during the Qing Dynasty when Kang Xi,Yong Zheng,and Qian Long were the emperors,focuses on the Guangdong area,analyzes the disaster reduction and anti-corruption measures.The main content includes the following six parts:The first part focuses on the background and significance of this study,and defines the time and geographical scope.The author sorts out the literature about the disaster relief and anti-corruption measures in the early Qing Dynasty,lists the examples of corruptions until the establishment of corruption crackdown system,and clearly states the research ideas,methods and innovations.The second part is about the agricultural production introduction of Guangdong during the Qing period.This part is the theoretical analysis,started from the basic situation of agricultural production in Guangdong in the early Qing Dynasty,illustrates the adverse impact to agricultural production and people's life caused by the frequent natural disasters,and the establishment of an overall disaster relief system and emergency procedures.The third part tells about that the Chinese people have long been fought against natural disasters,takes an in-depth analysis of the actions in early Qing Dynasty.Rulers highly concerned the disaster prevention and relief,which lead to formation of the comprehensive disaster relief ideas and measures mainly emphasizing on aid and compensation.Many experiences and procedures were formed.The fourth part discusses the disaster relief process.Every step of the process has a corresponding punishment,which reflects the rulers' determination on the disaster relief work.However,system can not thoroughly eradicate corruption.Taking a major disaster as an example,the author discusses the seriousness of corruption in the disaster relief in the early Qing Dynasty and its harness to the people.The fifth part mainly analyzes the ways of corruptions in disaster relief,the establishment and improvement the corruption crackdown system.The author finds out some corruption punishments when big disaster occurs,summarizes the limitations of the anti-corruption system.The sixth part is a basic conclusion of the study,and the inspiration to the contemporary construction of anti-corruption system.Through comparative research and historical research,the study investigates the achievements and shortcomings of anti-corruption measures in the Qing Dynasty,explores its impacts.Studies on the anti-corruption measures when Kang Xi,Yong Zheng,Qian Long were the emperors and its aspirations to the late generations.Hope we can learn from the history,actively explore and scientifically summarize the valuable elements of today's anti-corruption construction,and serve the present construction of a clean government in China.