| The inferential deviation of conversational implicature is an inevitable phenomenon in the process of language use, notion of which is not defined from the angle of the speaker but the listener or the analyst of an utterance in the language inference processing. However, as researchers, we cannot be satisfied with the traditional explanation of grammatical structures and word meanings. The logical rules and objective semantic features which generate language are stored in our memory, that is to say, the deviational inference of conversational implicature is also 'cognitive'. So this thesis aims to analyze the negative and positive inferential deviations of conversational implicature from the cognitive linguistics viewpoints, to study the causes and counter measures of the negative deviation, the forms and functions of the positive deviation, etc., which are the significance of this thesis.The main body is divided into four chapters. Firstly Chapter One expounds related present results of linguists, and the theoretical bases used in the thesis. Chapter Two introduces the definitions of the negative and positive deviations. The inferential deviation of conversational implicature consists of two parts: one is the negative inferential deviation which refers to the listener's unconscious misunderstanding of the hearer or the analyst, and the other is the positive inferential deviation which is considered as a kind of art in language use by means of deviating consciously form the speaker's intention of a conversational implicature. Chapter Three analyzes the cognitive factors which may lead to the negative inferential deviation, and how to avoid or eliminate it. The reason why context is not the only way to avoid or eliminate the negative inferential deviation of conversational implicature is that it also relies on some cognitive factors such as experience acquired in interactions with the physical world, people's attentions on domain, focus, prominence,...
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