| The grain is a kind of product that relates to people's daily life vitally,and it acts as merchandise entering circulation realm already for long time.It develops continuously along with the productivity and social division of labours. the form and contents of grain circulation also changes constantly. because of the division of the work ,the flourishing degree of the merchandise economy and the influence of the politics and military factor, China had not yet become a grain circulation network all over the country during the Republic of China period. But in many regions, the local area grain network had already set up maturly. The grain circulation network had already set up too in Guangxi, and its type belonged to the city circulation network. Wuzhou was the core of the circulation network. Other several big center grain circulation city, such as Nanning, Guiling, Liuzhou etc, which constituted several big fulcrums of the whole network. On the other hand, Nanning, Guiling and Liuzhou become the sub-network respectively. And the core of these sub-networks is above-mentioned several big center citieses respectively. The district involved was the center city and its all levels of the periphery circulation market. Each big sub-network included smaller sub-network. In these various sub-networks, all levels circulation markets were the most basic element-node of network. Each node linked mutually by various circulation channel and transportation line. In the end, it became a huge criss-cross grain circulation network. In the Guangxi grain circulation network, the main participant is called circulation subject, the subject included farmer, wholesale dealer and dealer, in the Republic of china period, Guangxi's farmer who was in the middle of circulation played the manufacter and circulater dual role mostly. Not flourishing region more, the possibility that the farmer play circulater role was big, but their movable radius was limited in the narrow and small district. Because it was impossible for them to pay the high sum of freight charges to transport grain. The grain merchant was bridge between manufacturer and consumer. If there was no the bridge, the grain circulation couldn't run normally. According to the function, grain merchant can be divided into wholesale dealer and dealer mostly. According to the market category, then it can be divided into businessman in the manufacture market and businessman in the center market. The function of merchant that was in the manufacture market was: (1)Collecting grain from peasant and waiting until it could be loaded down to transport to save the freight charges; (2)Storing the grain untill it could be loaded down or market price upsurge enough to be sold; (3)Doing the preparation work for higher level Wholesale market; (4)Establishing close contact and cooperating with merchant in the big market, in order to make the grain was sold firmly. The main function of merchant who was in the center market was: (1)Concentrating a great deal of grain; (2)Grain dispersion; (3)Uniforming grade; (4)Funds circulation. Grain circulation is complicated process. It is not simple flow from one point to another point. In the process, it includes a lot of links----node of grain circulation. In other words, each node is a circulation market. They cooperate mutually and guarantee grain circulation without obstruction. Guangxi circulation market can be divided into three major types: (1)Manufacture market; (2)Consume market; (3)Gather and spread market; (4)Center market. These markets were responsible for gathering, saving, deffusing and consuming the grain. They were sill of the whole circulation network.If each node contacted smoothly, the whole circulation network run well and if it was not, the whole circulation network was be subjected to be influenced. The grain enters into the consumption realm from the manufacture realm must pass circulation channel. The grain circulation channel includes four links: production, transportation, save and sale. In the Republic of China period, Guangxi planted rice as principle and food grains other than rice and wheat as assistant. Comparing with other provinces that had higher agriculture level, grain production ability of Guangxi was still lower. In addition, the grain storage still adopted traditional technique mostly, seeming to be fall behind. The conveyance of the grain mainly regard river transportation as principle. Furthermore, transportation means and ability was limited and these were the bottleneck that make Guangxi could not promote grain circulation level further.As the sale of the grain, Guangxi had five sale areas in the Republic of China period: Wugui , Wuliu , Wuxun , yonglong and Baise. Wuzhou was the core of the whole circulation network. After sale areas satisfied their own consume, the surplus grain was concentrated to Wuzhou and transported to Guangdong mostly. Before resistant war explored, the grain was transported to Guangdong from Guangxi was very important trade form. After war, because the government of Guangxi adopted grain control policy and the grain yields decreased, the export number of Guangxi grain reduced drastically. During resistant war, the grain sale of Guangxi was interfered by government and it was different with other stages. This was decided by particular history background. In addition, Guangxi is a national minority region. Acompany with the grain circulation,the race economy was promoted and we should not neglect this history phenomenon. The grain circulation acted as bridge by which race economy communicated mutually. knowing this, we can broaden our eyesight and it will help us promote the race economy further. We can also discover economic potential of the race region further. One speech, comparing with traditional grain circulation form, the Guangxi grain circulation network in the Republic of China period has higher efficiency and higher performances. although its development level is not very high and it is also not very perfect, its history progress is worthy of affirm and no one can deny it.
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