On The Qing Dynasty, Shandong Grain And Cotton Cloth, Salt Circulation (1644-1840)

Expected to near a 200 years of the prophase of Qing Dynasty ,as the system reform and Value biggest to shandong province that becomed the new motivity of ecomony increases. The development of economy in Shandong maked again land of the load ability raise consumedly. Under the huge pressure that population increaseed, Supplies in Shandong circulates by Qing Dynasty to had attained a very high level. This paper studies the circulation environment,transportation condition, storage ,Merchandise's circulation ,canal transport though historical materials retrieval especially shandong chronicles,and makes a comprehensive analysis with the prophase of Qing Dynasty abou the Shandong grain, cotton, cloth, salt..in order to make a knowledge of traditional economic laws.Hope to provide a useful history lesson and favorable influence in strengthening shandong ecnomic development.This paper focuses on the following main headings.Shandong resided south north water road the main route of the transportation, For canal transport (Cao Yun)necessarily through its ground, and was southern route on land important position of nine provinces, so communicated Yangtze River and Huaihe toward the south, also Attained Peking region toward the north. The Grand Canal which mastered south north developed into the prophase of Qing Dynasty, having already achieved considerable transport capacity, and Communicated the main route of the south north economic exchanges. The important development of south north trade ago was Kangxi's age circumlittoral flight path of open up agin. Above these ,had became the motive that the big supplies of the Shandong grain,cotton,salt,cloth circulates in the prophase of Qing Dynasty. But central part mountain area in Shandong separate thing department, coast and of interland circulated seldom, had no important breakthrough.Circulating is the artery system of national economy. The canal transport was the representative that the ancient supplies circulated, and had Gotten to enhance further up to Qing dynasty. From the flowing direction about Tribute Grain in Shandong in the prophase of Qing Dynasty ,we could see the aggressive society that Qing Dynasty government carried out to the Tribute Grain adjusts to control function. But Canal Transport in Shandong with circulate a condition to carry on the back mutually of the phenomenon was obvious.Merchandise's circulating was the important constitute part of the supplies circulates. The difference production and Diverse demanding sex had come to a decision to exchange of inevitability, and also caused circulate diverse sex of outlet of merchandise in Shandong. Take grain as in lie to self product to exchange from the simple merchandise sold, and went to the prophase of Qing Dynasty abou the Shandong grain, cotton, cloth, salt replaced by the degree market operated by businessman circulates in some degree, but balance surplus with deficiency about Natural Economy still predominated, traditional self-sufficient economy pattern restricted the development of circulation. The market form determined by the quanlity and content of the circulation of commodities was not changed in substance. Backward circulation system had became the bottleneck Of shandong ecnomic development in the prophase of Qing Dynasty. But, to some positive extent, the development of circulation had promoted the economic development of shandong province and made Shandong society relatively mild and calm.The ecnomic development of every region and every historical period has descent and innovation, also has character and correspondence. Content and form of materials circulation was solid historic foundation of changes to modern shandong.