From Abstract Subjectivity To Concrete Subjectivity

Subjective concept is the initiative and activity that performed by human, who is regarded as the subject opposed to the object in nature. Generally speaking, subjectivity is the evidence by which human classify themselves and how they are distinguished from other forms of animals. Subjectivity as such can be the expression of human mentality and intelligence, an active force from which human is achieving the ambition for liberation and freedom, and it also confirms the value and significance for the presence of human being. Therefore, subjectivity must be a topic in focus so long as human have focus in themselves. In the history of western philosophy, if subjective awareness is thought to be awaken by the idea "Man is the measure of all things", then the focus and reflect about subjectivity have never been stopped by human. Whereas the idea "I think so I am"("Cogito ergo sum") by Descartes has formally defined the principal of subjectivity and developed it to the first principal for western philosophy, it has clearly established the dignified status of "Ego"for subjectivity and has become the declaration for the principal of subjectivity. Unfortunately this principal was developed abstract with classic German philosophy. Firstly, subject is defined by Kant as the principal subject covering popularity, necessity and unity, consequently it was developed into the absolute spirit that governed human, society and history by Hegel. Thus, the individual, historic and freedom-aiming subjectivity in origin was alienated into the abstract form that popularized and deviated from the history. It has produced enormous crisis for human life when abstract subjectivity is applied to practice: Firstly, in the relationship between human and nature, human see themselves as the "central"and nature as the "non-central"due to the fact that human are seen by themselves as the dominant power that are above all natural objects; the non-restrictive interference and massive conquer to nature by human being have caused serious dieing of resources and ecological crisis that are threatening human lives. Secondly, in the relations among human, the application of subjective concept in abstractness has been a cause for the break of inter-subject relations. Considering the fact that people see themselves as the center of subject and others as object that everyone starts to think and act from oneself, there will be no doubt that they will be resisted and opposed by others also seeing themselves as the subject, even fall into difficult situations. The subjective principal in abstraction has caused crisis for human life, thus, there were corrections and amendments to subjective principal in western philosophy since the time of Nietzsche in 19th Century, when the abstract and unilateralism of the subject in traditional philosophy were disclosed. Three points have been the focus for the abstract principal of traditional subjectivity, whereby the subject was seen as in general humanness, essence of priority and absolute centralism, this was because they had notnoticed the individual materiality, history and openness regarding subjectivity, nor the comprehensive intention of subjectivity can be explained such that subjectivity had to be mystified into the subjectivity that absolute, lonely and the governor of everything. This delusive subjectivity was denied and criticized in depth by modern and post-modern philosophers because it didn't validly clarify the individual characters of human, nor truly cared about the prevailing human life so that it could not achieve freedom--the real subjectivity of human. Though they advocated the "Finality of Human", the critique only referred to this kind of abstract subject with the aim of salivating the real subject from the alienated subject that was extremely self-tangled and self-centered, as well as from the durance of subject. The real subjectivity possesses significant personal and social legitimacy and can not be dissolved nor terminated. Deconstruction at the same time means the gestation of new structuring. Since the abstract subjectivity is not the real subjectivity in human, the key to resolve the crisis in subjectivity will be to overthrow the abstract in rebuilding the specific, historic and opening subject and to redirect subjectivity from the alienation form to its revert. The concept of practice from Marx and the historic view of materialism will be the way to settle this dilemma. Firstly, Marxist Philosophy thinks that subject is not exists outside of our World, in fact it is present in reality in the form of materialistic practice by materialistic persons; the object of practice by human and therelevant status in the practice are specific that every subject has different object in practice and differentiated status, which determines different subjectivities for different persons and further the non-existence of the so-called humanness in general. Secondly, practice is historically present and all subjects is practiced in the vested and impersonal historic conditions, and this historic presence is the basis and starting point for the practice by human that has given subjectivity a historic foundation and it is the source of origin for the formation of subjectivity. History, with reference to individual subject, is an enormous presence of priority, so the theoretical dilemma to the "Notion of Apriori Essence"regarding abstract subjectivity has been resolved by the idea of materialistic history through the presence of history. Thirdly, subjectivity shall not be in absolute centre because it would then only make it parochial, short visioned and closed, it is in fact a betray against the real subjectivity. The real subjectivity is open, self-critique, foresighted and responsible in the context that it has a global vision for human and human life, development and goal of freedom. The specific, historic and open subjectivity defined by Marx views the World, where there is harmony among human and between human and nature. Firstly, this is reflected in the relations between human and nature that there shall be an open view of "Human Centralism", with value standard measured by the overall and lasting behalf of human and the final value is established by the liberation of subjectivity, with the effect of caring about nature, about ecology and the Earth that human is relied on in the presence...