Philosophical Review On Human- Orientationg

Upholding human-oriented thought, establishing all round, coordinate and continuous view of development were presented at the third plenary session of the 16th CPC. Human orientating became into focus in the academic circles as the essence and core of the science development view. Human-orientating expounded in this essay are in the respects of ideological sources, philosophy of Marx's scientific connotation and practical significance.Human-orientating is not in a innovative category, of which has being undergone a long period evolution in the thought history from the Occident to the Orient, from antiquity to modern times. In the Occident, human-orientating thought originated in Old Greece,developed in Middle ages for against the God oriented ideology. In modern times, confronting with the material oriented idea, there appeared human oriented idea. The conception of human-orientating was firstly offered by a famous thinker Guanzhong in the Spring and Autumn Times in ancient China. The Chinese traditional civil oriented idea is its legacy. After Opium War, Kang You-wei, Tan Ci-tong,and Sun Zhong-shanput forward the people oriented idea in recent times.Due to the constant concern of human being, the philosophy of Marx took men as study objects. Different from the former schools, Marx integrated its concern and study of human being with the revealing of social history law by explaining men and their emancipation in the development of social history while taking men as the "key" for revealing the mystery of social historical law of development. Thus, it revealed human nature in a scientific way and laid a foundation for realizing human orientating. The philosophy of Marx considered man is a real and social one whose nature was formed through social relations. The practical activities showed and verified the power of human itself. This essence is namely the men's freedom. The realization of men's freedom and full development is going through a same process.The essay focus on the analysis and revealing of the scientific connotation of human orientating. It introduced the basis of human orientating, the understanding of the orientating and freedom oriented for men. It stressed, in particular, the human freedom oriented idea. In its introduction of freedom oriented idea, it firstly analyzed ability based, interest based, rights based and value based theory which are more influential in the academic circles at present. And further on, it analyzed Aristotle's ' man is the animal of politics ', 'man is the animal of reasons, Adam Smith's 'economic man ' hypothesis, Cathier's man is the animal of symbol. Based on that, through the comparative analysis to Kangde and Berlin's views on freedom, it put forward that human orientating should take Marx's freedom as orientation. The realization of the degree of freedom for human being is a essential rule to measure the social progress.The article finally introduced its realistic meaning of human orientating. To correctly understanding human oriented idea would help us to deepen our understanding to the view of scientific development, and to the construction of the material civilization, spiritual civilization and political civilization.