An Exploration Of The Free Nature Of Marx’s Dialectics

Freedom has traditionally been the object of constant exploration and pursuit of Western philosophy.When the ancient Greek philosophers explored the infinite noumenon,they tried to take dialectics as the rational method to access noumenon,thus establishing the inner relation between dialectics and freedom.Christian philosophy used“original sin” to represent the finitude of humans.The human’s freedom was taken away by God,the place of humanity’s free realization has been transferred to the other world.With the development of the progressive enlightenment,people relied on their reason to accomplish freedom and emancipation to the world.However,how could human freedom be possible when everything is inevitable in the earthly realm of reason? Kant constructed the principle of freedom to act depending on the laws enacted in the moral sphere through practical reason legislates itself.Nonetheless,Kant only treated the dialectic as a “dichotomy” formed by subjective thinking,shutting the door to rational freedom through dialectics.Hegel used dialectics to break through the “limit” set by Kant and restore the speculative path through human freedom in dialectics.In Hegel’s speculative philosophy system,the process of Absolute Idea realizing itself through the human spirit,which takes the form of the Absolute Idea showing itself,is also the process of humanity’s achievement with the help of the Absolute Idea.The ultimate realization of the Absolute Idea is the completion of human spiritual freedom.Hegel then merged dialectics and human freedom into one.Marx noted that Hegel’s dialectics only revolves around the Absolute Idea,and the freedom it achieves can only be the abstract freedom of the human spirit.Starting from the practical activity of human material production,Marx placed the “roots” of the dialectic in the material production of human nature objectified by human nature and its self-enrichment and thus infused the dialectic with the free practical nature of man.The dimension of freedom contained in Marx’s dialectics is expressed as follows: Freedom should take practice as the root and transformation of private production relations as the way to return the alienated essence of humans to them,bringing freedom to the real world.Treat the dialectical movement as the link between human beings’ objectification in production and the human self-improvement in the history of human practice.The ultimate unity finally achieves the positive unity of the negativity of practice and the certainty of human freedom.Marx’s dialectics,which absorbed the “rational core” of Hegel’s dialectic,contains the free nature and provides the path to human freedom in reality.