American Reason On The Change Of Intellectuals' Social Mental Conversion During The Period Of The Liberation Wartime

During the War of Liberation, with the development of social politics and economy,theintellectual's social mental experienced the process of excitement—soreness—doubts andfears—devotion to the new society. There were many factors affecting the intellectual's socialmental, but, among them, America, which played an active part in China's politics, theeconomy and culture at that time, all these had a great effect on intellectual's social mentalchanges.The essay divides the War of Liberation into four periods and examines the effects of theimplementation and changes of the American Policy on China on intellectual's changes ofsocial mental.Section one talks about the period from the eve of the victory in the Anti-Japanese War tothe outbreak of the Civil War. After 8 years of the hard anti-Japanese War, Chinese people hadthe chance of experiencing peace and the democratic establishment of a new country. At thistime, the American government's policy on China was to force the KMT (Kuomintang) toreorganize the government, and build up a united government, which would include alldemocratic parties and CPC (Communist Party of China). The policy made the Chineseintellectuals feel excited, for they believed in British and American democratic policy and hadstrong patriotism. They organized parties, published periodicals, propagated neutrality,participated in and discussed government and political affairs. The decision made by thePolitical Consultative Conference had made these intellectuals' excitement achieve thehighest point.Section two covers the period from the outbreak of the civil war to July, 1947. With theincrease of political oppression and cultural tyranny by the KMT and the exposure to Yankeeimperialism, the intellectuals' social mental became perplexed. America's mediation didn'tprevent the civil war between KMT and CPC from happening. America's support helped theKMT make up their mentals to have the civil war. America's devilry made the Chineseintellectuals feel indignation. The spread of anti-America has resulted in the failure ofAmerican Policy on China.Section three deals with the period from July 1947 to the Autumn, 1948. Following thechanges which occurred during the Civil War and America's support of the KMT, theintellectuals lost faith for the future and their mentals can be summarized as "fears anddoubts". America's betrayal of the democratic parties was the main reason for thedisbandment of Democratic League. The disbandment of Democratic League indicated thefailure of the policy of neutrality. In addition, America's so-called "Model for Democracy"totally failed.Section four discusses the period from the Autumn 1948 to October, 1949. The Americangovernment realized that the KMT's failure in the Civil War was unavoidable and they had tofind a way to get away from China. The publication of the White Book indicated that theAmerican government admitted the failure of the policy on China. With the disappointmenttowards America and the dislike of KMT, most of the intellectuals, under the lead of CPC,devoted themselves in the building of a new society.During this period, the changes of American policy on China had great effects onChinese intellectuals' conversion of social mental.