Research On The Reasons Of Refugee Of Early Ming Dynasty In Northern Area

Research on the refugee movement in early Ming Dynasty has been brought to a climax since 1980's in academia. There are many opinions on its cause of formation,such as soil annexation, heavy taxes,population policy, relieving policy,worsened environment,calamities and soon. But there is a common problem about the reasons to former researchers, and it is that the ydid not distinguish the time and the space. Some paid attention to the difference of the space but neglected the time; Some noticed the change of the time,but they did not differentiate the space enough. In fact, the cause of refugee movement in Ming Dynasty is as different as the time and the space change. So that this paper chooses the time of early Ming Dynasty and the space of five northern provinces, checks its reasonsfrom calamities, taxes,etc again, and analyzes soil annexation in early Ming Dynasty. This paper has five parts: preface,three chapters and conlusion.Preface: to explain the object, content, aim, significance, and ways in research, as well as foreland about this problem.First chapter: to analyze relations of calamities and refugees based on northern frequent calamities and invalidation of governmental relieving system. And to display that serious calamities are one of the main reasons to produce refugees in northern area of early Ming Dynasty. Second chapter: to analyze relations of taxes and refugees. Heavy taxes, multifarious corvees and escuages,domesticating horse, etc made hard living people get no place to stand, then lots of them escaped. So that burdensome taxes are also one of the main reasons. Third chapter: from large-scale desolationafter northern residents escaped , the source and the management of the soil annexed in early Ming Dynasty, and the system of division about legacy in feudal society, etc, we can conclude that northern soil annexation impossibly caused refugee movement on a large scale in early Ming Dynasty.Conclusion: by analyzing the cause of formation about northern refugee movement in early Ming Dynasty again, we find out that it is calamities and heavy taxes that are main reasons but soil annexation is excluded.