Research On The Council Of Yuan Shikai In Late Qing Dynasty

The SpringAutumn and Warring States Period is the time of the beginning of the system of China's council. To the Han Dynasty, the army generals and the civilian officials massively enlisted the intellectuals to assist own work. It is the symbol of the China's council to form. In Song Dynasty, because the centralization of feudal authority was more strengthen and the system of talents were selected into the government through imperial examinations was founded, the general's council also gradually got down. To the end of the Ming dynasty and the beginning of Qing dynasty, this system once revived. In fact, it is a system that the local main officials pick up some person as their secretary to help them deal with paper work. After the Opium War, China's system of council evolved to a new stage. And this system had new characteristic. The function of the council is no longer restricted to treat with the administrative affairs and was expanded gradually to the military administration, the diplomacy, the science and technology as well as the thought culture and all business solutions. The council of Yuan Shikai is the representative of this new system. Not in the period of training army in Xiaozhan or in the days of Yuan Shikai governing Shandong province even to the post of Zhihli governor later, his council help him train the new armed forces and carry on the New Policy as well as participate the constitutionalism and so on. Therefore his council played a very major role in the process of the founding and the expanding of the Yuan Shikai Beiyang group. This first part mainly discusses the content that Yuan Shikai use various means to recruit staff and enrich his council. The second part is an analysis of the members of the council of Yuan Shikai. The third part analyses the differences among the Yuan Shikai's council, Zeng Guofan's council, Li Hongzhang 's council and the council of the Zhang Zhidong. The last part probes the council's important function that Yuan Shikai's council take the role in the course of group development.