A Study Of Yuan Shikai's Diplomatic Relations Between Amercia And German In 1907-1916

Yuan Shikai was an important political figure between the late Qing Dynasty and the early Republic of China.He was responsible for foreign affairs in a long time and had rich diplomatic experience.Due to his outstanding ability,he was reused by the Qing government.After the Opium War,the west countries entered China to seek political privileges and economic interests,and the diplomatic involvement in the late Qing Dynasty became more and more complicated.According to the "Xin Chou Treaty" signed in the thirty-one year of Guangxu(1901),the Qing government abolished the tips of the prime ministers,and the newly established Ministry of Foreign Affairs which was responsible for foreign affairs.In the thirty-three year of Guangxu(1907),Yuan Shikai was transferred to Shangshu,the Ministry of Foreign Affairs,and began to preside over national foreign affairs.In the late Qing Dynasty,under the double blow of the domestic rebellion and the west countries,the national strength declined and the strength is difficult to protect themself.The Ministry of Foreign Affairs was often in a passive position in diplomatic relations and cannot effectively safeguard national interests.However,Yuan Shikai actively participated in diplomatic relations.After difficult negotiations with Germany,he revised the "Tianjin Railway Loan Treaty" and recovered some lost rights.Adopting the diplomatic strategy of "controlling foreigners" and used the United States to check the aggression of the other west counteies against China which had improved China's international situation.After the founding of the Republic of China,Yuan Shikai,the head of states,which was fully responsible for foreign affairs.The political situation in the early years of the Republic of China was more chaotic than that of the late Qing Dynasty,and it was even more difficult for diplomacy.In order to gain recognition from the powers of the Republic of China and provided much-needed loan assistance to the Beijing government,Yuan Shikai had won support from countries such as the United States and Germany through a series of diplomatic negotiations.After the outbreak of the First World War,Japan took advantage of the German occupation of Jiaozhou Bay and proposed "Twenty-one" ties to China.Yuan Shikai successfully used the influence of the United States to successfully resolve Japan's aggressive plans.Due to the misjudgment of the situation,Yuan Shikai's wrong initiation of the imperial movement had met with strong opposition from both home and abroad.In order to maintain China's domestic stability and safeguard China's interests,the United States and Germany initially expressed their support for Yuan Shikai's claim to the emperor.However,due to the voice against the imperial system became more and more fierce,the two countries gave up their support to Yuan Shikai's imperialism,and Yuan Shikai,who was hit hard situation,died soon.This article discusses the evolution of Yuan Shikai's diplomatic relations with the US and Germany.during the period from 1907,when Yuan Shikai was the secretary of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Yuan Shikai died in 1916.The framework of the thesis takes time as the axis and discusses the changes in the relationship between the two countries through the discussion of the diplomatic relations between Yuan Shikai and the United States and Germany.This paper includes the following parts:The first chapter and the content of this chapter is Yuan Shikai's cognition of the United States and the United States during his youth.He gradually established close diplomatic relations with the two countries during his political career,as well as the issue of the Sino-German alliance between the two countries during the post of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs.Negotiation.The second chapter,the content of this chapter is to negotiate with the jinzhen town railway loan.Because the Jinzhen Railway had an important strategic significance,this negotiation with Germany was an important diplomatic event in the book of Yuan Shikai's Foreign Affairs Office.The successful revision of the loan treaty Yuan Shikai won the recognition and appreciation of domestic public opinion.The third chapter and the content of this chapter is during the Revolution of 1911.The virtues support Yuan Shikai's return to suppress the revolution.After the establishment of the Republic of China,the two countries supported Yuan Shikai to suppress the second revolution and unified China in form.Subsequently,Yuan Shikai treep around the Congress,forcing Congress to elect it as the official president of the Republic of China.The fourth chapter,the content of this chapter is the Hongxian monarchy,Yuan Shikai met in the outbreak of the First World War,who signed the "Twenty-one" negotiations between China and Japan,the restoration of the monarchy and other events,the struggle between the United States and Germany for the Beijing government to safeguard national sovereignty.The conclusion part mainly summarizes the diplomacy between Yuan Shikai and the United States with Germany during the period from 1907 to 1916.