The Research Of Civilian Reprimand System Of Shikai Yuan Government (1912-1916)

The period of Shikai Yuan Government was from 1912 to 1916, which enacted aseries of civilian reprimand statutes and constituted a special institution------CivilianReprimand Committee ensured the national administration departments and civilians who could fulfil authority exactly, otherwise who violated the statutes would be punished. This system had important meaning in abolishing feudal bureaucracy and establishing modern system of official management, whereas reviewed the forming and developing of Civilian Reprimand System, made quantitative analysis for reprimand cases and estimated objectively in this paper.This paper are divided into three parts. In first part, it hackles formative process of the system simply from causes and courses. In second part, it analyses system design of civilian reprimand from objects, reasons, organizations, punishments, procedures and so on, and mainly discusses the institutions and functions of Civilian Reprimand Committee. In last part, it makes quantitative analysis for reprimand cases and estimated objectively for reprimand effects by resolutions of the Committee, orders of Generalissimo and other factums.