The Study Of The Heated Debate On The Policy Of Brass-ban In The Reign Of Qianglong And Other Related Issues

Currency issue is one of the important issues in China's economic history research, especially in the fields of economic history research in Qing Dynasty. This issue has been carefully studied for a long time with great achievements. Generally speaking, it is quite difficult to innovate points on this issue. But we may find something new if we research the historical books from a new angle with new measures. Therefore, I chose"The Study of the Heated Debate on the Policy of Brass-ban in the Reign of Qianglong and Other Related issues"as the topic of my graduate paper. With the guidance of Marxist dialectical materialism and historical materialism, by means of history and statistics, I study the brass policy and the currency collapse which played an important role in the history of currency in the Qing Dynasty.This paper consists of three parts: Introduction, Main body and the Conclusion.The introduction reviews the achievements in the research of currency issues in the Qing Dynasty, and also briefly introduces the topic and its features.The main body of the paper consists of four parts:PartⅠanalyzes the back grounds of the evolution of the policy of brass band and the heated debate on the policy in the early reign of Emperor Qianlong. There were two currency systems in the Qing Dynasty: official brass currency and silver currency. The official exchange rate was 1000﹕1. But this official rate was never put into practice before mid Qing Dynasty. Brass currency was much valuable than the silver currency. The government had been afflicted by this problem for a long time. In the reign of Emperor Kangxi, the government used to investigate this matter and found out that the lack of brass coin caused its high price. The main reason caused the lack of brass was the backward in techniques and low efficiency in brass miner and its production. The reduction of the brass import, illegally destroy of brass coins also increased the price of brass coins. In order to eliminate illegally destroy of brass coins, ensuring the official exchange rate and sufficient quantities of brass coins, the Emperor Kangxi started the brass ban policy. And this policy was extremely stringent at the reign of Emperor Yongzheng. This policy greatly affected people's daily life and raised more and more questions as time went on. As more and more brass was mined, especially in Yunan province, the lack of brass had been greatly mitigated. It had become a big question to the Emperor Qianlong if it was still necessary to continue to carry out the brass ban policy. This raised a heated debate.In PartⅡ,it analyzes the beginning and the developing of the debate, including the main points and differences regarding the debate. The debate on the brass ban started in the early reign of Emperor Qianlong. It was a heated debate regarding the advantages and disadvantages of the brass ban policy. Some officials thought this policy should be abandoned, the representative official was Haiwang. Some officials thought this policy should be carried out,...