The Logic Fulcrum Of Historical Dialectics

The topic of this dissertation is to expound the relation between totality theory and dialectics. The aim of philosophy study is to criticize the theory's premise, and the theory's premise is just the logic fulcrum of the theory itself, so if we want to change the philosophy theory, we must change the logic fulcrum of the theory. As a unitizing and transcending concept, totality is the logic fulcrum of the dialectics, which is a negative and critical concept. In order to renew and develop Marx's totality category, Lukács criticizes and inherits Hegel's totality theory, consequently, he arouses the reflection on the inherent relation between totality theory and dialectics. This dissertation mainly focuses on the follow questions: How to reflect Marxism totality theory in the modern philosophy age? How to deal with the relation between the Marxism totality theory and the critical nature of dialectics? How to understand the relation between the"the crisis of totality", which is argued on the background of"modernity reflection", and the reasonable forms of dialectics in the contemporary era?Firstly, Lukács emphasizes the importance of the totality theory, which is one of the most important categories of Marxism philosophy, and the importance is that only on the basis of historical totality, Marxism philosophy can achieve the consciousness of historical dialectics, and can transcend the metaphysics'non-totality and the false totality of traditional philosophy, so that we can transcend Hegel's speculative totality. Here, Lukács carry out the new understanding of Marxism dialectics on a new basis, and the basis is a process, which transcends the metaphysics'non-dialectics and Hegel's speculative dialectics. Lukács is the first Marxism philosopher who reflects Marxism dialectics on the basis of the totality theory, and in his History and Class Consciousness, totality theory is a key category in his studying Marxism dialectics.Secondly, by analyzing non-totality, speculative totality and historical totality's inherent structure, we find that the essence of non-totality is dualism thought, in which the relation between thinking and being is as the two poles that are absolute opposite, so they can not achieve the unity of opposites, and can not achieve the inherent tension of thinking and being in the dialectics, as a result, the dualism thought inevitable become the metaphysics thought, which is different from the dialectics thought. Although Hegel's speculative dialectics conquer the unilateralism of non-totality thought , and achieve the dialectic unification of thinking and being by using the concepts'intermediate effect, his speculative totality still only use the concepts'logic movement to carry out the speculative dialectics, as a result, the inherent tension between thinking and being is tied by the alienation and internalization of spirit, at the same time, dialectics'negative and critical characters are asphyxiated by its self-closed system. As far as Lukács is concerned, only Marxism's historical totality theory provide the real logical support for the dialectics'inherent structure, which founds the real basis of dialectics from the view of"the real human being and his historical development". However, Lukács dedicate himself to found the social existence ontology in his old age, by which he wishes to found the basis for his early age historical totality theory. Although he exploits a new field for totality theory in the sense of"Generic Philosophy", the limitation of his historical totality theory is difficult to conquer, which is just the Hegel's historicism methods'inherent limitation. When Lukács'historical totality theory expands to absoluteness, it will take the opposite action, and become a abstract entity, which consequently limits the totality theory's opening nature, sacrifice the dialectics'critical character.Finally, the"Existential Turn"of the modern philosophy offers a new theory horizon for understanding the relation between Marxism totality theory and dialectics. For one thing, Lukács'historical totality theory is essentially a historicism totality, and accordingly the history become a entity concept in the historicism, in which not only the history itself is destructed, the existence of human being is also alienated,therefore,as a temporality and existent being, the human nature is sheltered. On the other hand, Lukács'historical totality theory is founded on basis of rational metaphysics, which is widely rejected by the modern scientific Positivism and the postmodern Deconstructionism, so his historical totality theory inevitably changes into"the logos'crankiness and tyranny", which is usually thought having no real basis, as a result, the critical character of historical dialectics theory only is only to be one kind of"Language– game", under the Scientism and Structuralism's thorough deconstruction. To conclude, Marxism historical totality theory must change its forms in the cotemporary age because of the crisis from the two aspects, at the same time, the Marxism historical dialectics theory also inevitably requires its rational forms. In my opinion, it includes the"Existential Turn", which means from the historicism to the historic, when we expound Marxism totality theory with the Existentialism methods. So the rational form of dialectics achieves the transformation, which is from the consciousness of concept-logic to the consciousness of existence-logic.To sum up, we conclude that the dialectics theory develops from the self-being to self-making, from self-making to consciousness, and finally achieve its critical and real nature. In my opinion, the whole developing process is due to the development of totality theory, which develops from non-totality to speculative totality, from speculative totality to historical totality. Therefore , as the logic fulcrum of dialectics, the transformation of totality theory decides the transformation of dialectics, as a result, explaining Marxism dialectics future forms must be base on the explanation of totality theory's future forms, at the same time, reflecting and criticizing the modern philosophy totality theory also must be base on the dialectics'critical and negative nature, because only when we combine the two aspects effectively, the Marxism totality theory will not be treated as the"the logos'crankiness and tyranny", and Marxism dialectics'critical and negative nature will really impulse the development of future philosophy and human society.Base on these thoughts, this dissertation's discussion mainly surrounds this view, which is the totality theory's transcending the dualism thought. For one thing, we analyze the structure of Lukács'totality theory, so that we can get the limitation of the dualism's nont-otality and the Hegel's speculative totality, and also we can analyze the characters of the subject-object structure in the historical totality. On the other hand, by reviewing the different phases of the totality theory, and analyzing the possibility and inevitability of historical totality, which is as the logic fulcrum of the dialectics. Finally, we analyze the crisis of totality theory in the modern philosophy horizon, and the reason why it is widely disesteemed and distorted, at the same time, we also think about the question: how to look on the crisis of totality theory in the modernism philosophy horizon? How to rebuild the totality theory's validity? These are our thoughts of the key question: how can the totality theory as a kind of human thinking mode be possible?...