Study On The Time-adverbs Of Sen Tencein And A New Account Of Tales Of The World

In Chinese, time-adverb has much more kind than others. Its using situation is comparative complexity, and its pragmatic-frequency is very high. The monograph study of the dynastic history of the Qin, Han, Wei, Jin and Northern & Dynasties is basal of the study of Chinese history. Sen tencein and A New Account of Tales of the world are representative in Wei-Jin Dynasty and the south-North Dynasty. The former is historical prose that has strong feature in written. The latter is Literary Sketches that has strong feature in spoken language.The article studies the time-adverbs in Sen tencein and A New Account of Tales of the world. In addition, I also define and classify the 143 time-adverbs in the two books. Finally, the article conclude that time-adverb is a kind of words that only used as adverbial ,adjunct in the forehead of the sentence ,it can not used as object (prepositional object),also can not used as the words that express action's time ,frequency and order of priority at the same time they can not be retouched by other words.The article divides three chapters. The first chapter describes the using condition, draw the outline of time-adverbs in the two books. It classifies the adverbs as time-adverbs, frequency-adverbs, speed-adverbs. Than the first kind contains words that express past, present, future, former or latter, early or late, continuance, transience, long or not, final, simultaneity, punctual. The second kind contains words that express repeat, high frequency and low frequency. The third kind contains words that express the high speed and the low speed, and the words express low speed also contain low speed and gradual process. The second chapter compare of Pre-Qin Dynasty and the two books I mentioned in the former, from the angle of the time-adverbs' classification, number, meanings ,find the differentiate and connection and the feature of the time-adverbs in the two books. The two books inherit the time-adverbs of Pre-Qin Dynasty to a great extent. Compared the two books, there is less change in the classification. The time-adverbs of Pre-Qin Dynasty has wrapped the most of contemporary time-adverbs, the time-adverbs of the two books only add the words that express simultaneity. The number of the time-adverbs of the two books is very large. The added words come from three parts: the first is adding new meanings of the words; the second is single syllable change into dual syllable; the third is the use of the new words. Most of these words do not add new meanings. Next the article analyses the time-adverbs of the two books in structural feature. Fitting in with the development of the Chinese vocabulary, in ancient Chinese, single syllable adverbs take up the advantages .With Chinese vocabulary changing into the dual syllable, synthetic adverb take the larger proportion. Pure time-adverbs have two characters: First, its usage is complexity. As the difference of its usage, some pure time-adverbs can analyses two or more adverbs. Second, its usage frequency is high. The article emphasizes structural feature of synthetic adverb, and classify these words in the two books as compound, additional, overlap. The compound time-adverbs contain paratactic, relations between a modifier and the morpheme modifies, fujieshi. Finally, the article analyses some special time-adverbs in meanings and function, compares the words, such as, justice, for a while, even though, once, a little from meanings with modern Chinese .And analyses modal function of "zhong", "bi jiang", "shi", "yi". The third chapter talk about source of some in common use adverbs and words used in Wei-Jin Dynasty and the south-North Dynasty, from the angle of grammar, these words are "chang", "yi", "ji", "reng", "huan", "xun", "ni" ,"cai", "yishi", "pinpin" and so on.