A Study On The Responsibility Cabinet In The Late Qing Dynasty

In the last 10 years the late Qing dynasty was at the Chinese system transformation and the reforming crucial phase, a series of adaptation situation departments and the organizations were founded one after another. The new department set up in the central organization reform process, the responsibility cabinet was its core, and the central political organization main center. Two session of responsibility cabinets were established in the late Qing dynasty, Yi Kuang cabinet and the Yuan Shikai cabinet, but they both ended up with defeat. From the view of political reform angle, the late Qing dynasty responsibility cabinet's establishment had certain historical significance, which ended the traditional main center organization in the form, and caused the central authorities to say goodbye to the feudal period to march into the modern time, what's mere to a certain extent it changed the phenomenon which the past administrative machinery power and responsibility unclear, the responsibility was not divided, to the Republic of China time political organization reform, the constitutional government design provided the experience lesson, which had certain historical significance. Today we are constructing the state with an adequate legal system and carry out the political system reform gradually, so it is had the necessary for us to carry on the system very much to the responsibility cabinet research, this article minute following several part.The first part, the society background of the responsibility cabinet in the late Qing dynasty. At the beginning of the 20th century, the Qing government was facing the serious dominant crisis, and out of control of the society's controlling force, if they didn't reform politics and insisted on the constitutionalism path, they couldn't save the crisis. Along with political organization reform march, the responsibility cabinet system then proposed the program. Each kind of group centered on it to launch the intense contention.The second part, Yi Kuang cabinet. In May, 1911, the Yi Kuang cabinet had been established, which abolished the imperial military council and the old cabinet, and reduced some old office. So it gradually formed the modern significance central authorities. This session of cabinet model emperor's clan characteristic exposed the Qing government taking advantage of to set up the responsibility cabinet good emperor's clan despotic reality the real goal. On large scale the Yi Kuang cabinet did the emperor's clan centralization, since the new deal, the Manchu nationality closed relative or trusted subordinate of the emperor centralization developed the extreme, causing the Qing government to lose the popular sentiment greatly and encountered a piece of opposition, made the Qing government to achieve the unprecedented isolation situation, finally caused the defeat.The third part , Yuan Shikai cabinet. After the Wuchang Uprising, the Qing government faced with the danger being overthrown. Under this situation, it had to denounce Yi Kuang cabinet and established the Yuan Shikai cabinet, this session of cabinet was in the name of the complete cabinet, bu in fact it accomplished Yuan Shikai's dictatorship political power, and finally facilitated Qing government's demise.