The Research Of Polysyllabic Words In Xin Shu

Abstract: The research of polysyllabic words is one of important topics of Chinese glossary research, the scholar has already widely pay attention to it. There were the special book of polysyllabic words research and the research of monograph unfolding the general picture of some historical period polysyllabic words. The research work of polysyllabic words about pre-Qin and two Han Dynasty concentrates in the pre-Qin and the Eastern Han Dynasty mainly. Relatively, the research of polysyllabic words about Western Han Dynasty is fewer."Xin Shu" is precious materials of researching Chinese glossary of Western Han Dynasty. Researching its polysyllabic words is conductive to understand the condition and characteristics of polysyllabic words in the Western Han Dynasty. Also, I can contribute a little to the develope and perfect of the polysyllabic words developing history about Han Dynasty or the whole Chinese.The article adopts the methods of overall statistics, history comparison and depiction and analysis in the process of researching and writing. We carry on an overall amount statistics for polysyllabic words of XinShu, In the meantime, we also carry on an amount statistics for each small type that divided according to the judging standards, we do a history comparison on pre-Qin's period and modern Chinese language when taking an analysis and summary on the characteristics of word-formation, so I hope to make a dependable conclusion; we use the methed of depiction and analysis in writing the whole text.The main contents as follows:The first chapter: propose five standards for judging polysyllabic words in "Xin Shu": the structure of the grammar, the meaning of the vocabulary, rhetoric standard, presenting frequency and affix sign. Cutting 1288 polysyllabic words altogether on the basis of the judging standards, it's including 1261 notional words and 27 function words, and there are 42 pure words and 1219 compound words in the notional word, in addition, the compound words take over main position. It shows that the more pure words in pri-Qin have already gone downhill. The second chapter: firstly, to classify the counted polysyllabic words, to analyse structure way with detailed examples, and to summarize the word-formation characteristic of compound words.The compound words contains eight structure-styles: coordinated type, biased-positive type, verb-object type, subject-predicate type, added type, affixation type, overlapping type and synthetic type.The coordinated type and biased-positive type are the two most productive ways of word formation. Secondly, we analyse the coordinated type and biased-positive type in two ways of semantics and characteristic.The coordinated type of compound words is including same meaning union, relevant meaning union and opposite meaning union, the characteristic that the morpheme is consistent with the compound word in pre-Qin period has still kept. But it appears new characteristics; The interior semantics relations of the biased-positive type is complex, looking from part of speech, the noun are most, the verb and adjective are next best. Looking from component type, it's richer than the pre-Qin period and more deficient than the modern Chinese; verb-object type and subject-predicate type are still as fewer as pri-Qin, and the productive is still lower. The overlapping type only has an AA type, don't appear an AABB type, looking from part of speech, there are adjective morpheme and noun morpheme overlapping; synthetic type has developed compared to the pre-Qin period, but not rich compared to the modern Chinese; compared to the pre-Qin period and the modern, the type of the prefix and suffix in affixation type are dull that occupies one kind of temporary shortage aspect. Compared with pre-Qin period, the synthetic type has developed, exceped the special noun, it also appears noun of orientation, verbs, numerals.But the type are not so abundant in modern Chinese. The third chapter: to sum up the function words in Xin Shu, we have discovered 27 polysyllabic function words, containing the conjunction, preposition, adverb, interjections and auxilary verbs, also to analyse the reason which produces to them and and the handling characteristics.In the end,the last part explains the important conclusion of the text.