On The Negative Nature Of Dialectics

This article mainly arranges the emphasis and defilade of the negative dialectics in the history of philosophy from a unique perspective, through a comparative study on great thoughtist Adorno and Marx, and makes an inquisition for the reasons why the negativity is the inherent nature of dialectics? Trying to deepen the understanding of dialectics, this article also applies itself to make dialectics be logic of liberation as a mode of thinking, which plays a greater role in the human survival and liberation.In the history of philosophy, there are profound theoretical and practical sources in the origination of Dialectics. Dialectics, as a unique mode of thinking, was elaborated in order to overcome many difficulties and contradictions that the metaphysical faced. The negativity is the crucial feature for overcoming such difficulties and contradictions. Dialectics, actually as a negative mode of thinking, views the overall relationships among objects and concepts with positive/negative interpretation. While Metaphysical, fundamentally as a positive mode of thinking, views the overall relationships in absolutely incompatible position, sublating the inherent contradictions and interdependent relations between concepts and categories. However why the negativity is the inherent nature of dialectics, and what are its practical and theoretical sources?The reason why the negativity is the essential nature of dialectics lies in the intrinsic nature of human practices. Only in the human practices can the negativity and criticalness have the inherent validity. Dialectics may easily become abstract and dogmatic, if just comprehending the negativity and criticalness without engaging the human practice activities, let alone the function of revolution.The negativity has been obtained considerable attention in different dialectics theories, which also tried to highlight the negativity. As the same time, the negativity is, to a certain extent, highlighted for the restrictions of their theoretical framework and foundation. As a former concept and reflection dialectics, the negativity of the simple and unadorned dialectics is just visual and spontaneous. Such negativity is only rather at the experience level than at the conceptual level. So it in fact doesn't achieve the purpose of criticizing the metaphysical. While if thoroughly implementing the negativity at the experience level, it could easily slide into skepticism. In modern times, dialectics came to the conceptual or reflection form. For the first time reflection dialectics highlights the negativity at the conceptual level, and makes a strong critique on the metaphysical way of thinking. Due to its sources are still disembedding from the practical activities, the negativity though taken as the inherent nature of all existing, could be only abstract. To achieve a final reconciliation between the rationality and reality, Hegel's dialectics, inherently including anti-materialism, still tries to overcome all contradictions.Adorno's negative dialectic is the most thorough and profound in theoretical philosophy. Basing on the critique of the traditional philosophy, especially Hegel's dialectics, Adorno focuses on the incompatible contradictions between the subject and the object, which attracts the negative dialectics to the peak in the theoretical philosophy.So does Marx dialectics. Focusing on the nature of human existence and survival, the negativity had been thoroughly highlighted in Marx dialectics, and for the first time slipped into the practical field exceeding the theoretical philosophy.Although the negativity is thoroughly implemented in their dialectics, there are different spots in dialectics of Adorno and Marx besides similar aspects. Both of them criticized the abstract and systematic traditional philosophy, made the negativity as the nature of dialectics, and associated with the human survival practice, which displayed the human interest. But their dialectics are elaborated in different theoretical framework. Adorno adheres to the incompatible contradictions between the subject and the object in the framework of epistemological, to search for the theoretical foundation within the scope of theoretical philosophy. Marx dialectics considers the survival practice in the framework of practical Philosophy as the theoretical foundation for the negative dialectics.Through studying the emphasis and defilade of the negativity in the history of dialectics, and comparing the negative dialectics with Marx dialectics, it proves that it is necessary to shift from the theoretical philosophy to the practical philosophy to make a thorough emphasis on the negativity. There is an inherent connection between the negativity as the nature of dialectics and the nature of human existence and practice. The practice is a negative activity, just like human as a negative existence, so the negativity merely displays the logic of human survival. Only in such way can the negativity be thoroughly highlighted, as a critical mode of thinking, and play a greater role in the human survival and liberation.In this paper, the first part analyzes the elaboration of dialectics as a unique mode of thinking, to overcome the difficulties the metaphysics faced, and the reality foundation of the negativity. The second part arranges the emphasis and defilade of the negativity and traces its sources. The third part makes a specific comparison on the dialectics of Adorno and Marx. Finally, the paper draws conclusions on how to carry out a thorough and practical highlighting on the negativity.