From The Liberalism To The Marxism

The question of freedom always is an important question which the Chinese and foreign theory pay attention. Regardless of the Marxism or the western liberalism all has his own understanding for this question. However, as a result of some kind of historical or real reason, the people always have one-sided understanding tendency: they thought the Marxism and the western liberalism as if they are water and fire do not accommodate in the question of freedom question .In other words, there is simply impossible to study from each other for them; In according to it, in the shape of nation , they also naturally absolutely consider the socialist countries and the capitalist country contradictory, thought there is not interlinked place for them . However, is it true? The goal of this paper is to help people understand this question. First, this paper gives a clear and detailed combing as to the background, the development vein and the major point of the western liberalism and the Marxism in order that people have the comprehensive understanding; Then through the contrast analysis of the two kinds of views , the unity and the difference between them are made clear to people, then the people will realize that although the western liberalism and the Marxism in pursuing the common freedom is same, but we must have a sober understanding ,that there is remarkable and essential difference between them. Then we should bring the two kinds of views about freedom into the historical background of the entire human history of freedom to ponder again , We know that the research and the development of freedom theory is created by the different times and the different people , and it has the continuous,logic and common nature, so it is very difficult to say that the theory of freedom belongs to some kind of form of society or country only. although the western liberalism has the certain limitation in the question of freedom, but it also contains,inherits and develops all positive achievements of the former related research as an important part of human's theory of freedom and main symbol of the development of modern theory of freedom, At least, it is more progressive and rational than the former societies. In other words, there is connection and difference between the western liberalism and Marxism's view of freedom, Therefore, in relation to our country's reform and open policy, we may draw such conclusion: although the western liberalism has the certain limitation in the question of freedom, it does not mean that we should abandon and repel all factors of the west capitalism without analyzing in our life in particular in the modernization reform advancement of great socialism. We should absorb and study all outstanding achievements which are helpful to the economical development and the progress of society, for example , developing socialist market economy and profiting from the western politics civilization are the positive achievements from which we study from the western boldly, and the historical practice also make it true that we do so. With the rapid development of the reform and open policy in china ,regardless of in the economical aspect or the political aspect, the study from each other between China and the West will be inevitable, it is necessity of history, the history of human will develop further and further by the infinite strength .This article is divides into following four parts mainly:The first part mainly introduces some basic aspects of Marxism's views about freedom ,for example ,the background,the development vein and the thought connotation. We may understand how the freedom view of Marxism develop through a series of main works written by Marx , These works mainly includes Marx's《Doctoral Dissertation》,《Hegel's Critics about Law Philosophy》and it《sIntroduction》,《Economic and Philosophy Draft Manuscript in 1844》,《about Feuerbach's Compendium》,《German Shape of Consciousness》and《the Discussion about Capital》and so on, In addition, the work and the struggle experience in《the lai Yin Newspaper》is helpful to urge Marx to study the question of freedom from the angle of practice. In order to make people understand the freedom of Marxism better, he proposed famous thought between"the kingdom of necessity"and"the kingdom of freedom"and the judgment about his "free man's unified body" .In Marx's opinion,there is true freedom in the kingdom of freedom and"free man's unified body".The second part mainly introduces that how the western liberalism understand freedom. after it tells the theory foundation of it, namely the individualism,the discussion about social contract and the utilitarianism, it introduces representative persons of every stage and their thoughts from the classical liberalism,the modern liberalism to the new liberalism, especially introduces the representative person of the classical liberalism in detail——Adam Smith's thought. We may summarize the western liberalism four points: the freedom is most important,the government is limited,the multiplication and the tolerant,the equality and the justice. We may see that the freedom which the western liberalism flaunted is in fact individual and abstract freedom through these analyses and its essence is the west capitalism's shape of consciousness.The third part is a core of this article. It mainly tells the findings of contrast between the freedom view of Marxism and the west liberalism, namely to introduce their unity and different views, the unity mainly is manifested through the fact that they also pursue and affirm the ultimate value of freedom ; But the difference is manifested through how they think the question of "freedom" and "individual" ,In a word, as for the question of "individual", their difference is manifested through Marx's" historical,social,the comminute(social class) individual" and the western liberalism's" transcending historical,transcending social,transcending class individual" ;and as for the question of "individual", their difference is manifested through Marx's"under the certain relations of social politics and economy,concrete,real freedom" and the western liberalism's"without the relation of social politics and economy,abstract,theoretical freedom" . In other words, there is connection and difference between them. We may realize the different essence clearly between the western liberalism and Marxism's view of freedom through the analysis of these two aspects content. We may say that it is helpful to indicate the primary intention of this paper; it provides us a new theoretical basis and the platform of thinking as to that how we should consider and understand the western liberalism when we develop the socialism modernization, so this part is very important.The main content of the fourth part is to discuss how we absorb and study the positive achievements of the western liberalism and make them meaningful to our country when we develop the socialism modernization from the angle of social practice and unifying the actual situation of our country reform and open policy ,in order to correct people's old viewpoint that they think the western liberalism and Marxism's view of freedom are opposite absolutely and provides us a new angle of view for understanding the relation between them. Generally speaking, ,through bringing the freedom view of Marxism and the western liberalism into the historical background of the entire human history of freedom to ponder again ,and make people realize that the western liberalism also contains,inherits and develops all positive achievements of the former related research as an important part of human's theory of freedom and main symbol of the development of modern theory of freedom, Finally , people's old and absolute viewpoint as for the relation between the freedom view of Marxism and the western liberalism is collapsed. we should absorb and study all positive achievement from the western liberalism to serve for the socialism modernization in the background of China's rapid development, there are mainly two points: developing socialist market economy and profiting from the western politics civilization ,they are the two reforms repeated and advanced vigorously again and again by Premier WenJiabao at the same time, namely the reform of economic system in the aim of market and the reform of politics system in the aim of developing the democratic politics.In a word, the paper is bases on the elaborations and the analysis of contrast between the views about freedom of Marxism and the western liberalism, which gives people more complete understanding regarding the connection and difference between the western liberalism and Marxism's view of freedom, and through bringing the freedom view of Marxism and the western liberalism into the historical background of the entire human history of freedom to ponder again ,and make people realize that there is connection and difference between them, which does not only corrects people's old viewpoint that they think the western liberalism and Marxism's view of freedom is opposite absolutely, but also make people realize gradually that we study from the positive achievements of the western liberalism is meaning to the socialism modernization in China, At the same time, we may see that this is the correct attitude we should adopt from the practice of the reform and open policy.