Study On The Tile-ends With Lotus Flower Design In The Central Plains And Southern China From Wei-Jin To Sui-Tang Dynasties

This thesis collects the published data about tile-ends with lotus flower design, which was made in the Central Plains and Southern China from Wei and Jin to Sui and Tang dynasties, rearranges these tiles to analyze systematically to look forward to knowing the overall appearance of the tiles, and then, makes the preliminary discussion in culture communicate and dissemination between North and South of China.This thesis is divided into six partsPartâ… .---Introduction.Made an introduction about tile definition and development survey simply. It defines the geographic and time research scope of this thesis .Partâ…¡.--- Excavations and Research.Introduced and stated the materials collected. In this part, the author reviews the research history of tile-ends with lotus flower design simply,.In spite of appraising the research fruits, it also points out the shortage and primarily gives out the research aims.Partâ…¢.---The typology analysis of tile-ends with lotus flower designThe Central Plains and Southern China may divide into four regions, South area, Shaanxi area, Luoyang area and Inner Mongolian area. This thesis takes the differences of center of tile, subject pattern, figure of lotus petal, and veins and decorations of outskirt as standards, study the tiles that come from the four regions by typology analysis respectively. The tiles are divided into two categories by single petal or double petal. In each category, they are divided into different types by the center of tile. And in each types, they are divided into different subtypes by the figure of lotus petal, also. At last, in each subtype, they are divided into different style by granulation design of outskirt or not.Partâ…£.---The periodization of tile-ends with lotus flower design According to the research on the age of the site where the tile-ends with lotus flower design excavation and the research on Typology of tile-ends with lotus flower design in above paragraphs, the tile-ends with lotus flower design are grouped based on stage. Because of the difference between the evolutions of tile-ends with lotus flower design in different areas, the grouping for tile-ends with lotus flower design in every area is also different. The tile-ends with lotus flower design are assorted to five stages. The first one is Early Northernï¹  Southern Dynasty. The second one is Middle Northernï¹  Southern Dynasty. And the third one is Late Northernï¹ Southern Dynasty. Then, it's from Sui Dynasty to Tang Dynasty. The last one is middle to late Tang Dynasty. According to the researching on typology of the tile-ends with lotus flower design, the characteristic of the tile-ends in every era are introduced.Partâ…¤.--- Preliminary acquaint to correlative problems(1) In this thesis, the appearance and evolution of the tile-ends with lotus flower design is further researched base on existing research.(2) Through the research on Typology and the grouping based on stage, this thesis open out the evolvement sequence and characteristic of the tile-ends with lotus flower design in areas. In early Northern and Southern Dynasty, the evolution of the tile-ends with lotus flower design in the Central Plains and Southern China are pairwise independence. In late Northern and Southern Dynasty, with the culture communicating between the Central Plains and Southern China, the characteristic of tile-ends with lotus flower design in Northern Dynasty and the tile-ends with lotus flower design in Southern Dynasty began to syncretize with each other. So the tile-ends with lotus flower design in Sui and Tang Dynasty had the both characteristic of tile-ends with lotus flower design in Southern Dynasty and Northern Dynasty. The difference between the tile-ends with lotus flower design from Central Plains and Southern North China has become smaller. (3) This paper also discussed the culture spread and communication between Central Plains and Southern China based on the typology and grouping research of the four areas. (4) Through the researching on the data from archaeology and excavation, the cause of the popularity of granulation design in Ping Cheng is also discussed.Partâ…¥.--- ConclusionThe conclusion of this paper is given and the main contents are summarized in this part, as well as the inadequacy of the researches in this paper.