The Review Of China's Learning From Soviet Union In 1950s

After the founding of People's Republic of China, the learning of the Soviet Union had been launched nation widely and a heated learning from the Soviet Union was quickly formed. This heated learning was extremely popular between 1953 and 1955, and continued to the end of 1950s, though with a decrease after 1956. This nationwide learning in China in 1950s is not only a big event in the history of Sino-Soviet relationship after the founding of PRC, but also a big event which brings about great and significant effect to the construction and development to new China. This thesis provides a profound exploration for the reasons, process and consequences of this learning in 1950s.Firstly, this thesis explores the reasons of the trend of learning from Soviet Union after the founding of PRC. On February 14th, 1950, Sino-Soviet Friendship Treaty of Alliance was concluded, which symbolized the founding of alliance of the two countries and played the prelude of China's learning from Soviet Union. The reasons of China's overall learning mainly include the following: the contradiction of the Socialism Camp and Capitalism Camp, the demonstration function of the Soviet Union Model, the lack of experiences of socialistic construction and the need of assistance of economy and other aspects.Secondly, this thesis makes an introduction of the process, approach and contents of this learning, which is a from-up-to-bottom process under the initiation of the leaders of the Party and the state. The main approach of China's learning is through wide introduction of the Great Achievement and advanced experience of Soviet Socialist construction, the employment of Soviet consultants and experts in great scale and ail-roundly and the dispatch of various Chinese personnel to Soviet Union for study and investigation. The learning areas are concerned with politics, economy, military affairs, education, culture, and technology. In the early 1950s, because of historical limitation, the knowledge of the CPC towards socialism had the marked brand of the times, considering Soviet Model as the templet of socialism with the existence of the phenomenon of indiscriminate imitation in the learning process.Thirdly, this thesis tries to explore deeply the creation in this learning process. After the founding of new China, we learned from Soviet Union from many aspects, set up so-called "Soviet Model", and took the socialistic road firmly. However, in the heated learning process of all trades and professions, the CPC was not engulfed by this trend totally, but combined the actual situation of China with the learning, adopted a series of general and specific policies distinctive from Soviet Union. In the fields of politics, economy, and law, we had made some creation and development.Fourthly, this thesis makes some comments upon the China's total learning from Soviet Union. The thesis holds the view that to agree completely or negate completely this learning are both biased. This learning has its advantages and disadvantages. The learning and using for reference of Soviet experiences not only helped China to cultivate lots of talents, made China have a sound beginning of the construction of the new China, but also promoted the development of the friendly and cooperative relationship of the two countries, accelerated the quick development of China's socialistic construction.However, because the experiences of Soviet Union are not totally suited to Chinese situation, it brought about some negative effect inevitably. In the heated trend of learning from Soviet Union, the Chinese people didn't combine some of the good experiences with China's concrete situation, and the wrong trend of blind worship of Soviet Union and Stalin did exist, which brought about the wrong trend of blind rejection of the experiences of western capitalistic countries. What's more, affected by the thoughts of surpassing Soviet Union, some leaders of the CPC provided some unpractical strategies of developing the economy.To conclude and study the pros and cons of the learning from Soviet Union in the process of constructing Chinese socialism, we have to adhere to the conception of history of Marxism. Here is the enlightenment of China's learning from Soviet Union: any country that tries to use for reference of other country's experience, should not only combine it with its own situation, but also learn and distinguish, that is to say, based on the learning from other country's experiences and model, it should create its own model, which is the ultimate purpose of this learning.