Studying On The Grain Supply In Chang'an In Tang Dynasty

Chang' an is the countrywide political, economy, militaryand cultural centre in Tang Dynasty. The central government and theirsubordinate organization are concentrated there, which leading to variousservice population concentrated and forming an ample consumption group.Such a group, the need to grain are imaginable. Therefore, Studying onthe grain supply and demand situation in Chang' an is not only the learningproblem what a science of history and historical geography pays closeattention to, also can provide to real politics economic activity.Full text has five parts:Partâ… : The demand to grain in Chang' an in Tang Dynasty. InChang' an, there are many people and obvious fluctuation in early and laterstage. There is 500,000 resident or so in Cbang' an in early Tang Dynasty,increasing to 900,000 in Mid Tang and decreasing to 700,000 in later stageof Tang Dynasty. From this, Chang' an needs grain about 3,900,000 dan theearly Tang Dynasty, including Chang' an government needs grain 2,630,000dan. In Mid Tang, Chang' an needs grain 7,370,000 dan, including thecentral government consumes 4,000,000 stone. Chang' an needs 5,170,000 danof grain approximately in the later stage of Tang Dynasty, and Chang' angovernment also need 2,740,000 dan.Partâ…¡: The grain supply in Chang' an are from all parts of the country.The huge sum grain that the Chang' an needed comes from Guan Zhongarea, North China, Yangtzi-Huai area and other area. ln TangDynasty, Chang' an's grain mainly comes from Guan Zhong area. Before An-shiRebellion, North China is the main area where importing grain to Chang' an;after An-shi Rebellion, there conveys the rapid decrease of the Chang' angrain, even completes off-the-line in the sometimes. Transportation ofGrain to Chang' an by Water in Yangtzi-Huai area has only a little in earlyTang Dynasty, it increases in WU Ze-tian's political period and becomesthe main area supply grain to Chang' an. Besides, the grain that the Chang' an needed comes from Ba shu, He xi and Lingnan area.Partâ…¢:The grain supply and demand contradictions in Chang' an. Thegrain need is numerous in Chang' an, so it is difficult to be satisfied.In the early Tang Dynasty, the grain demand in Chang' an exceeds supplyaspect. In the first ten years, Chang' an' s grain is deficient gravely;on the Cao-zong's Linde period, the grain supply takes a turn for thebetter;on the Tang Gao-zong's Qianfeng period, grain-shortage occursagain. In Mid Tang, Chang' an's grain supply is better than the early stage.On the Tang Xuan-zong's kaiyuan period, the grain supply and demand tendsto balance unprecedentedly. It ended during the An-shi Rebellion. Sincethe An-shi Rebellion, Chang' an's resident always live in incompletegrain condition, the grain imbalance between supply and demand becomesgraver and graver, it has produced deep effect to the later stageof Tang.Partâ…£: The major factor that affect the grain supply of Chang' an.Natural calamities and war turmoil are the mainly factor. The water anddrought disaster and other natural calamities produce direct and broadeffect to the grain supply, its cause the starving year to frequently occur.War and the turmoil also affect Chang' an provisionment gravely,destroying grain's supplying, circulating and bringing to grain supplydifficulty.Partâ…¤: The measure that the Tang dynasty take to resolve the grainsupply and demand contradictions. In order to satisfy the Chang' an'sgrain need as far as possible, the Tang government has mainly adopted twokinds of measure: Developing the Guan Zhong's economy to improve theprovisionment amounts, strengthening the transportion of grain by waterto the capital. Its has relieved Chang' an grain imbalance between supplyand demand to a great extent.Today, Beijing is our country's capital, commerce, land route andrailage already are no longer as we have been, the capital provisionmentproblem has not existed, but it is also important to be ready for the grainreserves. Studies The Chang' an's grain supply and demand has the theoryenlightenment and reference for the politics economic development.