| "Pay tributary"means tributary and canonization relations bilateral. In ancient times, we can not say envoys whom were sent from Korean Peninsula regime were all the tributary envoys, but tributary and canonization to the premise of contacing between the envoys from ancient Korean Penisula and Central Plains imperial, therefore, majority envoys where from south Korean as tributary envoys. Tributary system was very likely pushed forward by strong different nation states. Tributary syastem which as the external relations was not the proprietary in China, it could be seen as the outcome which was developed from the eternal relationship beween China and neiboring countries.This kind of tritutary and canonization relations originated from tributary system of Han dynasty, on the one hand, it was an inheritance from WuFu system of pre-Qin dynasty, on the other hand, it was established on the base of the experience that dealing with the neighboring nations. It was reflacted in the tributary system was a regular customization of tributary and canonization. Tributary included went by oneself, sent envoys or eldest son, celebrated of the first day in the year was to the most solemn. This ceremony was always imitated by the later dynasty. In this period the regime in Korean Peninsula except Gaogouli, the recored of contacting with Chia came up to the later fourth century. There wasn't a clear record of a sure time when Han dynasty canonized Gaogouli. Therefore, although the relationship beween Korean Peninsula and Central Plains in Han Wei and Jin dynasty contained a tributary and canonization relations, but it wans't developed to a regular, institutaion relations.Northern and southern dynasty was a qualitative change period of the tributary and canonization system in the East Asia, the biggest change was diversification of the main body of canonized. When Certral Plain dynsaty unified, there was only one center, with China entered into separatist peiod, there were multi-center, canonization was no longer from the only emperor, the tributary country was no loger got canonization from only emperor.The time when Gaogouli formed a relationship with Central Plain dynasty was on the year 355, moreover, the emperor of Gaogouli canonized the government post from pre Yan.When former Qin eliminated former Yan and crusaded the Northern part, Gaogouli sent envoys to former Qin in the year of 377 and 382. Form the year of 413, Gaogouli began to contribute to the East Jin, and accepted the canonization. In the time of Liu Song peiod, Gaogouli sent envoys a total of 22 times. Gaogouli also developed the activity of tributary with Northern Wei, and formed a canonized relations. In the split of the Northern Wei dynasty, Gaogouli changed the tributary relations to the Southern dynasty. The Southern Qi canonized Changshou as Cheji general in 479. The Northern Wei also paid much attention to the relations with Gaogouli, Wen Zi Wang dead on 518, the Northern Wei canonized the eldest son, the etiquette of envoy was just next to the Southern dynasty. After the Northern Wei was splited into the Eastern Wei and the Western Wei, the Eastern Wei and the later Northern Qi were along with Gaogouli, they maintained a relationship with tributary and caonoization. The after West Wei and the Northern Zhou also canonized Gaogouli.Baiji which occupied the west Korean Peninsula formed a peaceful diplomatic relations with Southern dynasty on the reason of the geographical advantage. On the year of 372, Baiji sent tributary envoys to the Eastern Jin the first time. Baiji was also actively tributary activites with the Southern Song dynasty, and tried to start a close relations with Northern Wei to develop a muli-depolmacy, the emperor of Baiji sent envoys to Eastern Wei on the year of 472, but didn't have a significant effects. Baiji sent tributary envoys to Northern Zhou in 577, but Northern Zhou didn't canonized Baiji because of it had a close relations with Gaogouli. Baiji got canonization of Northern Qi, and later Zhou dynasty. Baiji was the first regime which formed the tributary and canonization relations with Northern dynasty after Northern Wei. The tributary to Southern Qi and Liang from Baiji, especially the contact between Wu Ling Wang and Liang brought the rise of Baiji culture.Different with Gaogouli and Baiji, Xinluo geographically located in the southeastern part of the Korean Peninsula, the geographically enclosed led it as the lowest country in the three, the tributary relations with China was also later than Gaogouli and Baiji, there wasn't an insititutional relations at the 6 mid-century.On the 22 years of Nai Wu Wang, Xinluo sent envoys to the former Qin as the first time. However, because the barrier of Gaogouli and Baiji it didn't form a stable relations with Central Plain. Till on the year of 553, it occupied the lower reaches of Hanjiang River, it opened up a channel of exchanges with China, then it began to contact with China independent. Xinluo contributed to Northern Qi on 564, and got canonization, estabilshed the tributary relations with China initial. It sent tributary envoys to Southern dynasty 5 times on Zhenxing Wang. Xinluo paid tribute to the Southern and Northern dynasty at the same time, after Xinluo occupied Hanjiang River, it made a direct channel of commuinication with China, estabilshed a connection with Central Plain to make sure it could contend with Gaogouli and Baiji, and then supressed them, this became an opportunity which Xinluo jointed Tang dynasty to unify Korean Peninsula.To sum up, Southern and Northern dynasty was an environment which countries in Easten Asia could make choice on the base of demonds. In the period of intense war among countries of Southern and Northern dynasty, the countries of Korean Peninsula had to find the best contacts in order to the survival and interests. Especailly with Gaogouli which in the neighbour of Northern dynasy, through the tributary and canonization relations in the pursuit of satability in a long status of peace, to promote its southward advance policy in Korean Peninsula.Thereafter, in the period of unification of China in Sui and Tang dynasties, Gaogouli aroused war with Sui and Tang, the tributary and canonized relations was gradually dying out. Baiji paid tributary to Sui when it eliminated Northern Qi, then guided Sui offent Gaogouli. Xinluo took advantage of the tributary relations with Tang to establish a system of ancient countries, then achieve the establishment an earlist unification nation in Korean Peninsula, established a concept of community integration through Buddhism and confucianism, achieved to devolop a different culture and economic life style. Because of a long term and stable tributary relations with Tang, Xiluo absorbed the outstanding culture from Central Plain positively, it had played an important role of forming a culture circle of East Asia.The relations beween Xinluo and Tang after the unification of Peninsula belonged to a typical tributary and canonized form, with the characteristics of spicies diversity. The envoys which wers sent from Xinluo with the nature of tributary envoys. They always brought a lot of local specialties to pay tributary. The emperors of Tang also gave plenty of specialies as returns, and the objects were not only the emperor Xinluo, but also the princess and minister. The number of specialies increased constantly, species diversitily became one of the characteristics of the tributary activity. The envoy which sent from Tang was always the envoy who canonized the emperor of Xinluo, the envoy who told them the death of Tang's emperor, and the envoy who mobilized the armed forces to Xinluo. Xinluo also sent envoys into Tang, which with the nature of Zhizi.Through the study of tributary and canonized relations between Korean Peninsula and Central Plain, we could see that the first objective of the tributary relations beween Korean Peninsula and Central Plain was the stability of the country. The tributary and canonization proivded a peaceful and stable oreder on the relations of Central Plain dynasty with countries in the Northeast Asian. Anther feature was, the start and development of tributary and canonization relations basically consistent with the time which Gaogouli, Baiji and xinluo grown up to ancient counties, tributary and canonizaed system had a close relations with founding a national basis.The functions of tributary system were as follows:Tributary system benefited to both sides. In China aspect, the king as the emperor to administer a country, so the tributary satisfied the self-respect of the world's emperor, it increased the internal and external authority, maitained the peace and stability in the border. The most important reason to maitain a tributary relationship with China was the needs of emperor's authority which from the turibary country. Besides, the tributary county could satisfy the benefical of military. First, the establishment of tributary relations could help them to avoid the confrontation with China; second, when the internal strife and foreign invasion happened it could look forward to China's direct assistance or arbitration.On the Chinese side, it had to give the thanks commodities as the returns of tributary goods, the tributary counties could get a lot of ecnomic benefical from that. From the view of tributary countries, they got more than lost. The relations of tributary and caonoization was not a mandatory form system, but a spontaneously formed, it was the necessary of tributary countries, it caused the ancient East Asia as a world cultural circle.To sum up, the tributary and canonization system which was devoloped from the Han dynasty, through periods of Wei, Jin, Northern and Southern, Sui and Tang dynasties, it developed into a typical relationship among the countries in Korean Peninsula, it all because of Korean Peninsula absorbed the advanced cultural of Central Plian in political, economic, and social aspects, and maitained a long-term peacful relationship beween Gaogouli and Northern Wei, Xinluo and Tang, it benefited for all parties.
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