On The Recession Of China's Political Institutionalization During The Period Of 1956 To 1966

Political institutionalization is an important aspect in political development, which refers to the process of organizations and procedures obtaining value and stability. The level of the institutionalization is measured by the range and strength of institutionalization itself, and judged by the adaptability, complexity, independence and cohesion of the organization and procedures. This paper concentrates on researching the tortuous development process of political regime and various systems from the course Opposing'Right'to'the Great Cultural Revolution', by combination of the current situation studying on Chinese regime by China-foreign scholars; thereby, the political system and the ideas thereof are defined by employing the method such as defined concepts, standardized analysis, summarized factors, etc.; non-institutionalized political phenomenon of China political system is induced from documents and literature; finally, the conclusion of political institutional recession is obtained based on the experience materials and specific historical environment.The thesis suggests that the political institutonalization of china from 1956 to 1966 is decreased, which shows on three aspects as follow.First, it is on the decreasing of the Communist party of China (CPC) institutionalization mainly in two aspects. One is the heavy dependency on the leadership of Chairman Mao which further gave rise to decrease of the political adaptability. Heavy dependency on Chairman Mao also resulted in the failure of the Collective leadership of CPC and administration power substitution. The other is decrease of the party's cohesion and solidarity among party members owing to the conflict among the elites. The conflict among the elites arose from difference of opinions on how to develop economy. Chairman Mao was so involved in the conflict among the elites that he began to destroy the party's cohesion. The institutionalization of multi-party cooperation also decreased, partly from anti-right movement, partly from enlarged class conflict.Second is on the decreasing of governmental institutionalization. The first is the government organization lacking stability, which results from lacking law, planned economy and the circle of decentralization and centralization of state power. The second is the de-separation of government function, because of party-government relation and planned economy. The planned economy also makes the decreasing of the government ability.Third is on the decreasing of constitutional institutionalization. Three factors, namely, the constitution's validity and suitability, the desire of majority people of society, especially of leadership group, upholding the constitution, and the environment in which the constitution is carried out, lead to the void of the constitution/nominal constitution, the decline of the national People's congress system, and the decline of the justice institution.