Research On The Liu Nei Quan System In Earlier North Sung Dynasty

The institution which in charge of the middle and lower civil servants within the scope of selected officers but beneath the sixth grade in Tang Dynasty was called Libu San Quan .During the Gunagshun period of Later Zhou Dynasty Li bu San Quan was integrated to one department that was called Li Bu Liu Nei Quan and Liu Nei Quan abbreviatively. It had existed about 130 years since liu nei quan was definited during Guang Shun period of Later Zhou to become the LibuShilangZuoxuan in Yuan feng Reform .In the earlier North Sung Dynasty,Liu Nei Quan together with the ShenGuanYuan took over the Board of Personnel and became the institution of selected official whose main function was to select and manage the middle and lower civil servants. Liu nei quan and ShenGuanYuan were the production of divorce of the government post and assignment which occurred in the Later middle Tang Dynasty .This paper would explored the cause and consequence of the installment of Liu Nei Quan and its evolution as well as its responsibility, its operative procedure together with the selection and assignation as well as the management and so on.The first part mainly discusses the reason for the installment and the evolution of Liu Nei Quan. The installment and erasure of Liu Nei Quan not only had a profound history background but also related to the blunt civil service reform which was initialed by North Sung Dynasty. There were two reasons for the setting-up of Liu Nei Quan in general, one of which was resulted from the centralization that was prompted by the central government generation after generation since the Later Tang Dynasty to fetch the right of the personnel assignation and management from the local government, the other was from the limitation of the right for the Chancellor to assign so as to reinforce the Power of Emperor. The main responsibility for the abrogation of Liu Nei Quan was caused by the restoration of the preceding management of Personnel ministry during the Yuanfeng Reform.Part two discusses the right-span, operate procedure and the related duty of Liu Nei Quan. Liu Nei Quan, a personnel affairs department That responsible for the Emperor directly, whose main duty was to examine and select MuZhiZhouXianGuan with the scope of eighth to ninth grade officers including the JieduPanGuan and the officers below it .The daily responsibility was to examine, evaluate and dismiss the executive officers.Part three mainly discusses the assignation and management of the officers in Liu Nei Quan .the chief officer who in charge of Liu Nei Quan always was the man that had a high official rank and esteem, many of whom had the executive management experience, but did not familiar with the law and rule of Liu Nei Quan. The daily work of Liu Nei Quan was shouldered on the subordinate officers, therefore, the executive ability was the very important for the man who want to be selected as one member of Liu Nei Quan. The chief subordinate officers was Zhubu and Nancao Zhushi who were selected from the Jingguan and Muzhi ZhouXian Guan, meanwhile the ordinary officers were appointed by the strict examination for which the North Sung dynasty made a strict civil servants examination system.The conclusion briefly generalized the status and function of Liu Nei Quan in the earlier Sung Dynasty.