On The Methodology Of The Category Of "View" In Ancient Chinese Theories Of Literature

In the abstractly summarized results, category is a broad significance in discipline with stable connation and the concept of universality. Metacategory is the hub of theoretical system and elements of literature. The "view ", as an important metacategory, and it has its own unique methodology reflecting the perspective of the ancient Chinese. This thesis attempts from the perspective of methodology to study the "view", explore its contents on the basis of the analysis of the semantics, and further study three aspects of methodology from philosophical, literary creation and acception, and think about its modern sense, highlighting its unique character of theories.Firstly, the thesis analyze the "view" from semantic angle. Its meaning is visual, and its meaning has another extension on the basis of its original meaning. The "view" has rich connotations. At first, the "view" is the sage view, and is the main conscious awareness of the role. Secondly, the "view" is a kind of insight into nature, seen by the nature of the phenomenon, seen other things linked with it. Thirdly, the "view" has broad dynamic vision of heaven above and orderly arrangements of the earth below. Fourth, the "view" is a kind of spiritual experience. Thus, the "view" has subtle and profound contents, is a comprehensive and complex polyhedron, and is a three-dimensional reflection, and is widely used with rich and lasting vitality of extension.Secondly, focusing on the "Tao", Confucianism, Buddhism and Taoism, the three of the most influential schools in China nurtured by the meaning of life is extremely deep. To play "Tao" is the significance of the most complex metaphysical dimension in these different philosophical factions with different theoretical performance. Therefore, the different explanation is based on their philosophical foundation of different methods, different perspectives, different meaning. Outlook philosophical methodology, Confucian adheres to the simple concept of materialism, insist on the point of "sense ", and emphasize the primary objective world ; the Taoist insists on the idea of "mind's abstinence ", thus, the "view" is a approach used to observe the "Tao", which can clean up the hearts of both awareness and desire to root out the sensory perception of the world ,and the soul is not dust with miscellaneous audience-listening, vegetarian sincerely, and observe the introspection, "zuowang" in intuitive way with inner-glance and grasp directly; The main approach of Buddhism is a kind of "zhiguan", " miraculous awakening ". In other words, it is to return to the spirit of the vacant kingdom and rely on visual perception to see the heart.Again, outlook the aesthetic methodology of "view " from the perspective of creative methodology ,with the thought of the basic philosophy of harmony between man and nature, the heart of the relationship between subject and object exchanges with three methods, "see object from oneself ","look things through itself ","forget both 'I' and things ". At first, "see object from oneself", is a creative method of "my color ",which is the performance of aesthetic approach with colored glasses to see, the main feeling radiates, and "something" would bring the my color; Secondly, "look things through itself ", which can see the nature of things with the intuitive understanding, "I "conform the" objects "with the world in their own things; Thirdly, "forget both 'I' and things ", neither "see object from oneself ", nor "look things through itself ", subject and object forget themselves and integrate , which is a two-way exchange, focusing on the approach of the integration. In short, these methodologies reveal the unique way of the Chinese view, contain rich cultural connotations and display strong aesthetic vitality.In addition, the literal methodology of the "view" is a category of works, world, readers and the author's basic thinking at the theoretical aspect, it has already been integrated into the theoretical system of literary criticism, and has been widely used in music theory, poetics, painting theory, and other aspects. At first, in the methodology of appreciation, "boguan", "tiguan", "shenguan ", "yuanzhao" are important ways of appreciation. This shows critical consciousness, demonstrates the enhanced features of the theory, namely, the requirements as a full appreciation of literal methods for the reflection of the works are extensive understanding and careful consideration, and vertical and horizontal comparison, so that a more accurate analysis of literature and comprehension, which represents the pursuit of conscious awareness of the criticism; Secondly, in critical aspects of this methodology, the literature emphasize external laws. One is the view of the rule, the "view " is a political concept, reflects historical literary ideas related to social attributes, and is a sociological criticism standards, which to some extent reflects the characteristics of literature itself, summed up the practical experience in literature, summed up the social function of literature and arts. The other method is to evaluate the world with understanding the author. Works is constrainted by the era and the feeling of authors, thus the criticism of the works can not be divorced from the author's thoughts and feelings and their social environment in isolation, and make the correct assessment with the times, the authors and works closely linked with the works. "Understanding the author" is at the centre of attention, which consider the author's backgrounds, experiences, and can be personalized, and experienced the process from political and moral indoctrination to comprehensive observation of the author's talent and character, personality, ambition, hobbies, and the spirit of the character .Finally, the "view" was not only for the significance of the art and literary criticism, but also has impact on the environment of modern times, and has important methodological and aesthetic significances. The "view" expands the space of thinking and feeling of arts, and embodies the aesthetic qualities and characteristics of the experiences. Along with Chinese characteristics and the constructive process of literal criticism, its methodological significance of modern literary theory and criticism has become more apparent.