Military Colonization: The Military Administration By Germany Navy In The "Leased Tsiaochou" (1897-1914)

At the turn of the nineteenth century into the twentieth century, Germany entered into the monopoly imperialism stage. After William II assumed the reins of government in 1890, he carried out the policy of expansion by following the demand of the monopoly capitalists. This policy is called the"World Policy". Acquiring a stronghold in East Asia for the navy was put on the agenda by William II. After some discussion and demonstration, he finally decided to invade and occupy the"JiaoAo"area. On November 14th 1897, the Germany navy seized the area, and the colonial rule was established ever since then.The previous research on this subject concentrated mainly on the city planning made by the ruler and the effect to the economic development of Qingdao and Shandong Province. But systematic research of the military colonial administration has not been conducted till now. This thesis deals with the military colonial administration and does the research from four aspects: the establishment of military administration system, the military defense, the town planning, and the economy constructing. The thesis does this research in historical, history geographical and sociological terms. With the research to this subject, the blurred cognition to this history can be clarified. And through this research, we can educe the characteristic of military colonial administration, and it is useful to fetch up the shortage of the currently academic research.The first part of this thesis discusses the reason and process of invading and occupying the"JiaoAo"area by the Germany navy in order to make the history background of this problem clear to people.It is the core element of this thesis from the second part to the fifth , which deals with the military colonial administration of the Germany navy through four aspects: the establishment of military administration system, the military defense, the military town planning, and the economy constructing for military purpose.First, the Germany military authority established the military administration system. The jurisdiction of the area was granted to the Admiralty of Germany. A military officer from the navy assumed a leading position in the area. As the representative of the Germany emperor, he was vested with absolute power, both in the military and the civil field. The satrap had last word on everything, just acted as in the navy. Secondly, the military authority fortified the district, with constructing the military lines and building military contravallations. Thirdly, the military authority marked out the city planning according to the military pattern. Fourthly, the military authority adopted a series of measure to develop the economy for the sake of developing the navy.The sixth part of this thesis discusses the adjustment of the military colonial administration. The military colonial administration taken by the Germany navy authority encountered the resist by the Chinese merchants and ordinary people in the area. And it was also criticized by the dissenter from Germany. The navy military authority cannot help but adjust the policy, and ultimately took the civil administration into account.The last part summarizes the whole thesis. In this part the characteristic of the military colonial administration was summed up through the study of the military colonial administration in the"JiaoAo"area by the Germany navy.