Study On The Provisional Senate In The Beginning Of The Republic Of China

Around the establishment of the Republic of China,"Committee of Provincial Governors"as the formation of joint organs of the interim government and the later Provisional Senate played an important role in the beginning of the Republic on the political stage. Its formation and activities became a historic attempt of modern democratic system in China, and they were also an important focus of inspecting the political history of the Beginning of Republic of China.This article make a systematical discussion on Provisional Senate and its major activities, use the method of textual research based on the newspapers and magazines in the Late-Qing-Eatly-ROC. First, begins with the research on the Provisional Senate of the formation and evolution process. The Provisional Senate and its predecessor, Committee of Provincial Governors make activities in Shanghai, Hankou, Nanjing, Beijing, which prompted its change are the mutual struggle and compromise in the various political forces before and after the establishment of Republic of China. Then focus on the provisional Senate of the main activities: as the legislature of the Beginning of Republic of China, the provincial representatives and the Provisional Senate had drawn up through the Organizational Outline of the Provisional Government and the 1912 Temporary Constitution of the Republic of China, which have the nature of national constitution. It also developed the central ministries Bureaucracy and the duties and regulate of the Provisional Senate's own activities, so as to ensure the orderly operation of the state and the legitimacy of their activities in the form of law. As the main organs of power of the Beginning of Republic of China, the senate also was responsible for monitoring the behavior of the government: supervising the administrative behavior of the government by the Cabinet Consent Right, the Impeach Right and the Asking Right and so on; adopting the interim government budget accounts, the government borrowed foreign debt Behavior to achieve the Government's financial conduct supervision. The Provisional Senate's main political activities established the general framework of the political system of the beginning of Republic of China, Although the 1912 Temporary Constitution of the Republic of China provided the responsibility of the cabinet system, there are many imperfections in dividing authority among the Provisional Senate, the President and Cabinet, and can not achieved the purpose of checks and balances, made the president autocracy to the final result, China's cabinet system finally become empty words.Overall, in the beginning of republic of china , the Provisional Senate of the Western constitutionalism system is an important attempt in china ,and also made unique contribution to the solid and stable of the republic of china .its legislative activities and the supervision of the government had guarantee the government stability to some extent. However, due to the bourgeois intellectuals'limitation understanding of democratic system, plus the influence of several–thousand–year–feudal traditions, the West"separation of powers"in China has not really realized. The various adverse phenomenon in practical activities of the Provisional Senate have made majority people queried the achievement that brought the western congress system to China and ultimately disappointed.