The Ming And Qing Dynasties At The Beginning Of Supervisory System Searches

The Ming and Qing Dynasties two face the supervisory system basically the responsibility same, but in governs the department to relate, in the official disposition as well as the concrete utilization, also respectively has its characteristic, now separately narrates. The Ming Dynasty front generation of censor Taiwan will change all observes the courtyard, all will observe the courtyard will be is responsible to maintain feudalism State agency as well as the lawsuit history fundamental principle department specially, all will observe the courtyard the prime task personnel will be each kind of censor. These censors according to local and the service division of labor, are responsible for the national various aspects supervisory work, all observes the courtyard the censor is the most contact servicing royal government feudalism rule benefit character, therefore their official rank although low, but the authority is very big, supervises the scope is also widespread.Besides each kind of censor who all observes the courtyard system, six branches also govern the tube supervision work for the matter in, 13 censors give in the matter with six branches, at that time hecheng was"a branch official". Qing Dynasty's supervisory system follows Ming Dynasty to have the change on the whole.Mainly is, although splitting censor, for matter in lawsuit, but the series turns over to all to observe the courtyard leader, at that time was called"the Taiwan province to gather one".All observes in the courtyard the substantive post all the censor, the vice-all censor symmetrical left all censor or the left vice-all censor, every called right for gives saves governor, governor's concurrent titles respectively, the censor changes 15 from 13, six branches all give in the matter to rename for are in charge for the matter in.Specially, no matter all censor, vice-all censor, censor, for matter medium, stipulated Manchu, the Chinese army, the Han people occupy certain official to lack respectively, the initial period grade also differs from, after that changes all. According to illuminates the clear decrees and regulations, the censor and for the matter in duty, the power, the responsibility does not have really differently, but has the difference actually in the actual utilization.In general, but although these official chargeds with remonstrating with the emperor, or call official of the wind constitution, the official rank lowly have the word matter to file charges of impeachment against with the emperor the power, has responsibility of the control various departments work activity, its energy compared to any identical grade official for big, the actual authority is inevitably high.Censor and for matter in the opinion activity all is often representing in the feudal landlord social class some social stratum some clique's benefit, often also can sneak a peek at some time from its opinion activity to face the bureau politics the trend.In Ming Dynasty, because middle later emperor is mediocre corrupt, the lazy principle royal government, its bear oneself also often obviously does not conform to the feudal landlord social class to its political head's traditional request, was considered does not favor the royal government the basic dominant benefit, therefore therefore, some censors and admonish sparsely for the matter in quite are often intense, between the royal government various cliques instigates the censor or carries on for the matter in mutually to opposite party criticizes, reflected the contradiction is quite incisive.The Qing Dynasty relaxes some in this aspect, its important reason lies in, take emperor as the head central royal government basically can the normal work, controls to minister and the official chargeds with remonstrating with the emperor is also strict, then performs the national minority to rule, the Han people let the official charged with remonstrating with the emperor many to strive for the self-preservation first, often keeps silent does not say, therefore censor and for matter in the opinion activity mostly was inferior the bright middle will later be active, this will be because the historical condition will be different, its supervisory system will play therefore the actual role slightly will also have the difference.