The Research Of Sima Guang's Viewpoints Concerning The Han People And Minorities

Sima Guang is a famous politician, thinker, and great historian in Northern Song Dynasty of China. However, in the history of Northern Song Dynasty, not all of the people recognized his political viewpoints. To the Han People and Minorities, he practiced the policy of "Mutual stability and peaceful coexistence", which was also criticized greatly by some people and even parts of people defined this action of his "capitulationism". With the further development of historical research, the academe starts to analyze objectively and comment comprehensively to his political thoughts. However, to his thoughts concerning the Han People and Minorities of China, a systematic and plausible analysis is still needed. Embarking on Sima Guang's works of "Comprehensive Mirror and Aid in Government", this thesis tries to find the origin of his viewpoints together with some inherent causes with the aim to understand comprehensively and evaluate correctly to his viewpoints concerning the Han People and Minorities of China.In China's ancient history, the Song Dynasty is a special dynasty: Its rule, the region's political, economic and cultural development achievements, especially in the cultural construction is more than the Han, Tang. However, the regime in power with neighboring Minorities contacts are extremely weak and has been vulnerable to attack.This makes the entire Chinese national was uninterrupted by the North and Northwest neighbor (Liao,Xixia,Jin,Mongolia) aggression and bullying, foreign aggression and almost 300 years of the prosperity of always. Therefore, the national sense of the Song Dynasty in Chinese history than any dynasties have strong and long-long. As a result, the Northern Song Dynasty in the mid-obviously with the initial theory (and some are even more complete theory), "China" concept and strict" Han People and Minorities" The Chinese orthodox sense. Sima Guang living in such an era, his lifelong political activities, academic research, particularly of the Hua Yi concept deeply branded with the stigma of this era.Chiefly basing on the data such as Sima Guang's works of "Comprehensive Mirror and Aid in Government" and "Sima Guang's Memorials submitted to the throne", this thesis referred and quoted some creative viewpoints of the book of "Comment on Sima Guang" and some other data. At first, it analyzed his living era, political and social background, and his family education background so as to grasp what led to these viewpoints of his. Then this thesis summarized relative speech and measures concerning this viewpoint in his works of "Comprehensive Mirror and Aid in Government" and some other works with the aim to obtain its key points of those viewpoints including his superior and humble origin opinion, comfortable neighbor relationship opinion, war and peace opinion, and defense opinion between the Han People and the minorities. In addition, this thesis analyzed how these viewpoints of his inherited the ancestors' thoughts and how these viewpoints affected his offspring especially in his first three points. At last, this thesis remarked Sima Guang's viewpoints concerning the Han People and Minorities from the ethnology standpoint in the current times.