On The Fission And Fusion And Variation Of History-Culture-Geography In "South Of Yan And North Of Zhao" Regions

Hebei province is known as Yan & Zhao, which stems from two ancient countries------Yan & Zhao that standing at the foothill of Mountain Taihang during the pre-Qinperiod. After the establishment of Yan & Zhao, they moved toward the paths that suited their political powers respectively in the process of development and formed two different styles of regional cultures gradually, namely, Yan & Zhao cultures because of their different historical inheritances, economic basis, geographical environments and different dominant plans implemented by the policy-maker. After that, Youzhou and Jizhou in Han Dynasty and the boundary between Baigou River of Song and Liao were also nearby Yan & Zhao's old boundary. Therefore, there were some differences in natures, political areas and cultures and other aspects between north and south in Hebei plain. In this article, the author tries to elaborate the differences of regional cultures and their blending in Hebei plain, using the phase "south of Yan and north of Zhao", which was widely spread in Hebei district.There were some similarities in geographical environment, economical characteristics, cultural beliefs, system attributes between Yan & Qi in the pre-Qin period, but more differences between Zhao, which were in the identical administrative region today. The culture of Yan had dual characteristics that both of Shang Dynasty and Zhou Dynasty, but Zhao's cultural originated from Three-Jin Dynasty, which was left the wisdom trace of legalist school obviously. The culture of Yan was a kind of cataclysm culture by the initiation of bitter and cold, however the Zhao culture was caused by prosperous social economy. Simultaneously, two cultures had the ingredient of heavy loyalty, which became the foundation of generous elegy of Yan & Zhao culture in later generation.When in Qin and Han Dynasty, Yan & Zhao cultures, which lost carriers, were also declining day by day. In addition, the unprecedented "neat custom" movement in Qin and Han Dynasty, caused more frequent exchange and fusion in the old places of Yan and Zhao. But the custom culture has the continuous nature and the historical inheritance, it always inherites from one generation to another, so the characteristics of Jizhou and Youzhou region still exists. The south Jizhou, based on the promoting economic prosperity, was different from Youzhou area in social custom, marriage, academic culture,etc.It was time for setting at variance and reorganizing during the Wei-Jin-Northern -Dynasty. And it was a disorder and turbulent age. There was a huge impact on the culture of northern and southern Yan & Zhao region this time. While pouring new blood into Yan & Zhao culture, it also accelerated Yan & Zhao culture's blending in the old place of Yan & Zhao region. However, when inspecting the multi-faceted Confucianism and Buddhism under the condition of minontization throughout Yan & Zhao district during Northern Dynasty time, we still might see the cultural differences between northern and southern places.After Anlushan Rebellion in Tang Dynasty, Yan & Zhao experienced a period of time of minontization throughout the country, and the northern and southern cultures developed toward different directions: The Youzhou state in the north maintained minontization, while Chengde and Weibo states in the south moved toward sinicization in the winding development.During the confronting time of Song & Liao, the two countries' boundary maintained approximately the old boundary of Yan & Zhao. Because the north and south belonged to different political powers, the two countries showed different cultural characteristics. But the historical development time of Liao-Song-Xia-Jin was in the transitional period from "a world body" to "a Chinese body". Correspondingly, the regional cultures of Yan & Zhao also merged into one organic whole gradually from "south of Yan and north of Zhao". Something need to explain, after establishing the capital in Beijing, it has important influence on Yan & Zhao's culture, while it's sublimating the culture of Yan & Zhao, it's also weakening its regional individuality and causing new variation of Yan & Zhao regions.