The Research Of Aesthetic Thought Of Natural Environment In Six Dynasties

The paper studies the aesthetic thought of natural environment in Six Dynasties by the reference of Western environmental aesthetic theory emerged since the 1960s,and specifically analyses the aesthetic object,aesthetic model,and aesthetic value of natural environment.Western Environmental esthetician Allen Carlson put forward two central issues of environmental aesthetics.The first one is "What to appreciate" in the natural environment,the second one is "how to appreciate" the natural environment.On the former,Carlson considers that the aesthetic object in natural environment is the same object as that in natural science,and aesthetic appreciation is to enjoy a specific material in natural environment,rather than the whole environment.On the latter,Carlson emphasizes the importance of scientific knowledge of nature,which plays the key role in the environment in aesthetic activities.In his view,seeking natural beauty and appreciating natural environment must be based on scientific knowledge,which gives us the right focus on aesthetics and the suitable environmental borders.To be brief,Carlson calls for that the aesthetic appreciation of nature as it is and as it is with the attributes they have.In the view of Six Dynasties Scholars who tour in the beautiful natural environment,Carlson's aesthetics of nature has two serious deficiencies.The Six Dynasties scholars consider that the natural aesthetic object embodies the implication of "Beauty of Vivid Life "(Shengsheng zhimei),"flavor and spirit"(Qiyun) and "Tao" (Dao) of the whole natural environment,and it not only means the specific nature of things.The basic method of aesthetic appreciating nature if the Six Dynasties is not scientific recognizing,but "realizing the existence of Dao at a glance"(Muji daocun).In addition,aesthetic appreciation of nature has the natural aesthetic value with Chinese characteristics in the Six Dynasties.The first chapter of this paper briefly introduces the historical background and basic characteristics of natural aesthetic in Six Dynasties.In specific political and economic environment of the Six Dynasties,the scholars began to enjoy natural environment with great happiness,"Love,Natural Landscape," which is to foster formation of aesthetic subject,and nature has become the real aesthetic object,so aesthetics of natural environment begin to emerge.At this time,the aesthetics of natural environment has become the typical characteristics,which has extremely long-term aesthetic influence,they are a natural aesthetic with metaphysical foundation and pursuit, with unique aesthetic model of "Realizing the Truth"(Muji daocun),and with unique aesthetic value of "The Smoothing Spirit Theory"(Changshen) and "Own Soul" (Shixing)..The second chapter study aesthetic object,discuss the issue of "Appreciate what" in the natural environment.This chapter mainly studies the aesthetic object of appreciation of natural environment.This chapter divided into two section,Section 1 is Zuo Si' "Natural Music of Natural Landscape",the proposition mainly study that the natural environment has a double-decker aesthetic quality:the shallow aesthetic quality of natural beauty and deep aesthetic quality which contains "Beauty of Vivid Life" (Shengsheng zhimei),"Spirit"(Qiyun) "Tao"(Dao).The natural environment is not only the specific nature,but also the natural environment as a whole includeding appreciator. Sectionâ…¡discusses "Taste" and "Truth" of Natural Landscape,and explain the natural environment is contained the "genuine state"(zhen),"Tan"(Dao),"Mysticism"(Xuan), "Taste"(quling) and "Truth"(zhengu).The third chapter is on the aesthetic model and to study how to appreciate the natural environment.This chapter mainly explains the five propositions,namely,five natural aesthetic model,that is "Appreciate the Natural Landscape with Mysticism"(Yixuan dui shanshui),"Eliminating Distracting Thoughts and Savoring Images"(Handao yingwu,Chenghuai weixiang),"Intuitive Apprehension"(Miaowu),"Looking Nature and Universe With Long-close Distance viewpoint"(Yangguan fucha),"Empathy"(Jingzhiji).Sun Chao "Appreciate the Natural Landscape with Mysticism"(Yixuan dui shanshui),refers to appreciating the natural landscape with "mysterious heart"(xuanxin),namely with an aesthetic-eyes.And aesthetic subject should have a profound thought of Taoist Taoism and knowledge of mysticism.Zong Bing' "Eliminating Distracting Thoughts and Savoring Images" (Handao yingwu,henghuaiweixiang),claims that the process of appreciation of natural environment is unity process of eliminating distracting thoughts,savoring images and realizing Taoism.Xie Lingyun' "Intuitive Apprehension"(Miaowu) is Shang Xin, knowing the truth without language,and directly appreciate the beautiful of natural environment.Wang Xizhi' "Looking Nature and Universe With Long-close Distance viewpoint"(Yangguan fucha),is a aesthetic model which is Youmu Liuguan the whole natural environment and a model of Body Experience(Tizhi),making people get the internal space awareness of Wuwangbufu,Tiandijiye,and accessing being realm that is unity state with internal nature.Yuansong' proposition "Empathy"(Jingzhiji),thinks that the natural things are life entity and become a relationship of "friends" and "relatives",thus we truly appreciate the vitality of the natural world.The forth chapter discusses the aesthetic value of the natural environment.This chapter explains the five propositions:"The Enjoyment of the Audio-visual Entertainment"(Ji shiting zhiyu), "The Smoothing Spirit Theory"(Changshen),"Absolute Freedom of Heart"(Youxin, Minxin),"Own Soul- Natural Landscapes,in Which You Find Yourself"(Shixing Shanshui,Xingfen zhisuoshi),"Back to Nature Again"(Fude fan ziran).These propositions vividly demonstrate the natural aesthetic value of three levels in the Six Dynasties.Wang Xizhi's "The Enjoyment of the Audio-visual Entertainment"(Ji shiting zhiyu) is the sensory pleasure of aesthetic value which is the natural scenery brought. The propositions of Zong Bing' "The Smoothing Spirit Theory"(Changshen) and Ji Kang's "Absolute Freedom of Heart"(Youxin,Minxin),refer to aesthetic value of spiritual level.In this level,we can enjoy smoothing spirit when we traveling in natural environment.The propositions of Xin Lingyun' "Own Soul- Natural Landscapes,in Which You Find Yourself"(Shixing Shanshui,Xingfen zhi suoshi) and Tao Yuanming' "Back to Nature Again"(Fude fan ziran),is the aesthetic value of human being themselves in natural environment.The highest aesthetic value of natural environment lies in appeasing people's hearts,and returning to yourself in natural environment.