The Historical Vicissitude In Agriculture And Animal Husbandry Economy Of Western Long Loess Plateau

The Western Long loess plateau, namely the loess mound and ravines area in the west of the Long Mountain. It is the core district of loess plateau in Gansu, Ningxia and Qinghai province. It including in the big area of Agriculture and Animal Husbandry go hand in hand in northern China. In the history, it is the very important frontier between Central China and Western Regions.Nowadays, the Western Long loess plateau is the most serious region in the soil erosion of the whole loess plateau, even going to one of the driest regions of whole country. But it is also the one of concentration of population area. Cause the harsh natural condition of the ecosystem and environment of extreme flimsiness but a dense population, the agriculture production always fluctuate heavily, the food yield is low and unsteady even hardly to feed so many people, it is the most poor place in Gansu province.But when we review the history we can know the environment and landscape of Western Long loess plateau before mid Ming era is very differing from today. According to study of ancient relic's data and the record of history, confirmation of there once overlaid forest and grass on the Western Long loess plateau for a long time. It is fit to hunting and Animal Husbandry with the rich natural resources. This region goes to be the most prosperous and important original agriculture region in the country as early as new Stone Age of more than 7000 year ago. Even earlier in the Spring and Autumn Period, the Warring States Period, people of Qin are began to develop Agriculture and Animal Husbandry in Western Long loess plateau, go through with operate Agriculture and Animal Husbandry concurrently in Qin and Han Dynasties, Animal Husbandry came to lord in Three Kingdoms to West Jin and Sixteen Kingdoms, the agriculture economic beginning recover in North Dynasty period, then the agriculture and Animal Husbandry economic both keeping to more and more prosperous and get great achievements in Sui and early Tang Dynasties. But after occupied by Tibetan, Soon Tang dynasty acquires control power again, the Emperor of empire made greater efforts to strengthened agriculture economic, and Western Long loess plateau lost the site of Horse Husbandry's key area, the local social economic also began to decline. After Tang Dynasty, along with the extensive management in agriculture development, the agriculture and Animal Husbandry economic system of this area also took place to change very greatly. During Song Dynasty, the Animal Husbandry economic escaped from the area at all. In Ming Dynasty, Qing Dynasty and Republic of China, wrong style and excess reclamation made the environment goes to worst and worst. Especially from date of Emperor Qianlong in Qing Dynasty, population growth quickly as to destroying forest or burning vegetation for land reclamation and break the balance of human and environment. Being in agreement ,without of well environment, the social economical had begun to decay and the Western Long loess plateau change to the most serious region in the soil erosion , the most dry region , the region which has frequent natural disasters and the most poor place in Gansu province even in whole China.Based on the knowledge from above, this article aims at describe the history of agriculture and Animal Husbandry's change, and describe the relationship's change with human and environment in different period, then find the laws in the system and discussing the reasons which include natural, historical, and social politics reasons, therefore, it can help to solve the problems which Western Long loess plateau face to nowadays.This paper is divided into nine parts. In the before eight parts, the author describes the history of economic development on Western Long loess plateau , and find the law of agriculture and Animal Husbandry's change. The last part is rethinking of the laws and changes.