On Positivism Philosophy Of Social Science

Modern sociology originated from positivism, which is beginning of philosophy of social science (PSS) in 20^th century and is significant for philosophical research hereafter. The research for ideas of positivism, therefore, serves as a guide in development of PSS in China.First, the author provides an introduction to the rise of philosophy of social science and its development as well; then discuss the characters of philosophy of social science; finally, analyze the impact of positivist PSS and its contribution to western PSS. The paper attempts to combine ideas of key figures among positivist with their social philosophy. This fresh attempt is significant in terms of identifying philosophy's effect on social science research, re-defining the relationship between natural science and social science, restoring social science and PSS to functions of social criticism as well as re-recognizing knowledge, society and science.The developing history of positivist sociology can be divided into two phases: early positivism and neo-positivism. The former started in 1930's and ended in the turn of 19century to 20^th century. The later started since 1920's.The first developing phase of positivist social science laid the foundation for western philosophy of social science. Comte, is viewed as the father of sociology. He called the discipline as positivist philosophy, emphasizing its scientificalness, as well as its distinction with traditional philosophy. The second phase of positivist philosophy of social science, came to maturity.First, positivism has a great impact on the practice of social science and its philosophical views. Second, it plays a great role in debates of other philosophy of social science. Finally, positivism has also informed philosophers as to how to do in philosophy of social science. Nowadays positivist, scientific views is facing many challenges, the drawbacks of positivist sociology are exposed. In spite of that, positivist philosophy of social science has enlightened the followers. In a word, the positivist thoughts of social science are significant in western history of sociology.