Research On The Evolution And Impact Of The Northeastern Ginseng Management System In Early Qing Dynasty

Nvzhen's birthplace is famous of ginseng, mink, velvet, in the light of the advantages of geographical conditions, the Nvzhen rulers have formed a relationship with ginseng for a long time, the Qing Taizu Nurgarci maintained the livelihood of the poor through digging ginseng, later relying on the ginseng trade layed a solid foundation for the establishment of the regime. After the entry the Qing's rulers liked ginseng more, and then the political and economic significance of the ginseng greatly enhanced. From the management system of ginseng works in the early Qing Dynasty we can see the importance of it for the Manchu rulers. Compared to the past, it is managed the Senate works through the government, which is really origin in Qing Dynasty, but because of the difference of social politics and economic development condition, its complex and chaotic will change. The main management system of ginseng in Qing Dynasty has experienced three stages: of the Eight Banners mining respectively system during the Shunzhi to Emperor Kangxi medium-term, the votes in the Senate Preparing during the late Emperor Kangxi to the early of Qianlong, the government-run mining system from Qianlong medium-term to Legato. This paper is divided into content introduction, body, conclusion, and the body part is divided into four aspects.The first aspect is focus on the ginseng management of the Qing around access to the entry. Ginseng officially become a commodity in the Liao Dynasty, with the history forward the Ming Dynasty is the period of ginseng digging, in view of the northeastern superior geographical conditions, ginseng trade became the material basis for the regime establishment quickly. It is a start for the establishment of ginseng management system after entry. Eight Banners mining respectively ginseng system continued to be implemented by Qing ruler after entry. Based on the current location of the ginseng field inspection, it can be, every banners owned areas were mainly lay in Liaoning Province in the period of the early Qing Dynasty, royalty and nobles of Eight Banners showed great enthusiasm because of the convenience of attain and the profit. Ginseng collection industry was controlled by Eight Banners, where it is a monopoly system, so that ginseng's interests was entirely in the hand of the Eight Banners nobility. The second aspect is the votes on the Preparing monopoly. In view of the late Emperor Kangxi Eight Banners'mining order on the chaos and the source reduction, the government changed the management system into the implementation of mining-vote, the Hanman or the Qiren, as long as the votes were accepted, can be dug into the mountain mining. Later the government started to implement investment for mining, when all details were omitted, they can profit more easily. Because the implementation of the system on votes monopoly, it leads the management the quantitative stage in the early Qing Dynasty, the Qing government control the ginseng works by the votes in the Northeast, which reflects the monopoly of the Qing government in the ginseng works, the votes become a media that promote the development of ginseng, in sum there are a transitional process that it is from the Eight Banners mining respectively to government-run.The third aspect introduces the final stage of management system in early Qing, namely, government-run for the ginseng works. Qing government set up the specialized agencies everywhere and promulgated the detailed at the same time they practiced the burning pot votes mining system, as a supplementary form for government-run, which makes to improve the management system for further.Ginseng collection was completely monopolized by the government.The fourth aspect is the expression on characteristics and effects of the ginseng management system in northeast. Features are: monopoly, stage, age. Five effects: blocks policy triggered class conflict, the increase in social wealth, goods economic development in northeast, social and political function, the destruction of the ecological environment and so on.Finally, there is some concluding remarks that the way of ginseng trade and whether it has the nature of the commodity economy. The purpose of implementing the management system is the exclusive ginseng collection industry for the ruling class services during the early Qing so that it may enjoy the economic monopoly of ginseng. Beside the nobility received, because of the long period of time can not be kept, a considerable part was in circulation in the market, so that there was the formation of a ginseng trade network. However, consisting of small-feudal society mainly, ginseng trade cannot contain the actual nature of the commodity economy. In the Qing society, it can only be a few characteristics that produced the impact a little.Through the study on the evolution of the ginseng management system during the early Qing based on the history of nation, economic and system, this paper tried to conclude the era characteristics of Qing Dynasty and the social development trend, so that people can clearly understand which status and role characteristics ginseng economic played in the social life of Qing.