Comparing And Researching The Direction Words Of "Shang/xia" In Chinese And "Tren/duoi" In Vietnamese

Spatial relation is the most important relation of the objective world, and the "shang(up) / xia(down)" direction expressions are the most impotant and the most frequently used word. The use of the "shang" Chinese word is the most complicated: from expressing the direction of up or down in space to the surface of substance and the abstract concept. The "xia" word expresses not only high - low position of the space, but aslo the covering sense of cognition. Vietnam and China are the neighbour countries, interchanging culture of a long time, there is somewhat alike in thinking, yet because of the difference in language, it is of course that the way of expression, will be different.This essay is based on the previous consequence in the study of the direction expressions to compare of the direction words of "shang/xia" in the modern Chinese language with "tren/duoi" in the modern Vietnamese language, showing the differences and the similarities in meaning as well as in grammar; then analysing the mistake of using "shang/xia" of Vietnamese students.There are six main parts:1. Introducing the direction words of "shang/xia" in modern Chinese language and "tren/duoi" in modern Vietnamese language.2. Comparing "shang/xia" Chinese words with "tren/duoi" Vietnamese words in the meaning of space.3. Comparing the expanding meaning of the post-position of "shang/xia" in Chinese with "tren/duoi" in Vietnamese.4. Comparing the expanding meaning of the front-position of "shang/xia" in Chinese with "tren/duoi" in Vietnamese.5. Comparing the grammatical use of "shang/xia" in Chinese with "tren/duoi" in Vietnamese.6. Analysing the mistake of "shang/xia" of Vietnamese students.The essay, expresses the meaning of direction and metaphor from "shang/xia" compares the symmetry and the non-symmetry of "shang/xia" in both Chinese and Vietnamese.