Study On The Verbs In Use Of Military In

"Zuo Zhuan" is an important pre-Qin period of history books, From the linguistic point of view, it is a study of ancient Chinese history and Chinese literature handed down important.Based on the following six reasons, we select the "Zuo Zhuan" as a research corpus: First of all, it has very rich adequate for the number of vocabulary system; Second, it has a very broad, more involved activities such as military war; Third, more or less maintained the terms of the history of ancient Chinese life; Fourth, during the test can be broadly; The next one ,Concentrated Oral color, language spoken at that time is very close.The last one , Vocabulary study is the focus of the study of Chinese language, and the verb is the study of Chinese language study of the history of the most important terms. Of the notional words but especially for the study is not enough verb, so we select the "Zuo Zhuan" corpus for the study, it thematic verb book study.Up to now, the results of research "Zuo Zhuan" focused on the following three aspects: lexicography, syntax, research, study vocabulary. Works on behalf of are : Xu Ti and Yang Bojun 's dictionary," Chen Ke jiong 's Detailed Dictionary and " adjective Analysis" (1979),Guan Xiechu's,He Le shi's, MaoYuan-ming's " Vocabulary Study "Zhang Wen guo's " term study "(1998), Zhang Meng's" verb Study "(2003); Empty word has " negative word" non "," no "," not "," no "," Dover "," do not "study" Zhang (2003); "" also "word research "Zhang Wen guo(1999), Zhao Ming dynasty "preposition Zuozhuan Research" (2007); " preposition research"Wang Hongbin'sDoctoral Thesis of Fudan University (2003), etc.; Cheng Road "Zuozhuan time and study into" the Chinese People's University PhD thesis (2008)Wang Hong bin" Research preposition "Doctoral Thesis of Fudan University in 2003 and so on; There are specific to a character study, " the" its "word" and, of course, a small notional words on the "" dead "category of the verb" Zhang Wen-Xia (2004); also on the the relationship between the parts of speech, such as "On " once a synonym of "closure Shu-fen (2001) and so on.These vocabulary books or research the topic in detail most of the classification, there is no exhaustive verb to a particular type of research, especially not the "Zuo Zhuan" battle out a separate category of the verb to carry out exhaustive description and classification, in order to carry out more detailed research and analysis in depth. In view of the ancient Chinese study of the status of the verb, as well as "Zuo Zhuan" military verbs lack of research, the paper decided to select the "Zuo Zhuan" a subcategory of the verb that the verb type battle system studies. The main purpose is to sort out "Zuo Zhuan" in the battle-type verbs, as "Zuo Zhuan" verb vocabulary reference system.The article first campaign carried out to define categories of verbs in this paper to define the scope of such verbs are: the subject is human, the core meaning is "battle" with the campaign all the verbs have them as such. Our statistics in "Zuo Zhuan" A total of sixty-two cases of such a verb, in accordance with the process of war, such verbs are classified, Divided into nine categories, such as :raised the war, it includes起,兴,举,称,出,陈,师seven verbs; lead the army includes:将,率(帅),以three verbs; type of engagement includes:合,遇,鼓,陈four verbs; violation includes:侵,袭,犯,略,寇,陵,掩,突eight verbs; Conquest includes :征,伐,击,攻,斗,战,军,要,从,追,逐,伏,围thirteen verbs; The kind of kill includes:兵,戕,戮,斩,杀five verbs; Defense includes :敌,亢,禦,御,待,当,守,戍eight verbs; Capture includes :取,俘,获,禽,止five verbs;Result of the war includes:克,胜,败,北,捷,倾,崩,覆(復),?⒔怠⑸ァ⒚? twelve verbs.The first part of Article nine of this sub-category of verbs one by one campaign case studies, conducting case studies to take a combination of quantitative and qualitative, horizontal and vertical parallel approach.First of all , to quote various notes such as , <.Er Ya > and so on, and then select with the meaning of war listed on the study of their Oracle and Clementi in the emergence and use of statistics in "Zuo Zhuan" in the frequency and use cases, select a representative list of examples out of some special words for a simple combination of syntactic analysis and semantic analysis.The second part is mainly carried out with the (near) the comparative word. Quoted Jiang Shao yu and Xu Zheng kao and other experts point of view, first of all , Define what a synonym is. We have "the same age, the same language (or dialect) with one or more of the same or similar Sememe notional words and the same part of speech called synonyms."For comparison, by category, synonyms, reference Mao Yuan ming 's " Zuozhuan vocabulary study "referred to an article in the comparative method synonymous with the point of view, this article from the time, frequency, etymology and the original meaning of the word, behavior, and the combination of the words syntactic functions to analyze them.Of "Zuo Zhuan" campaign visit the verb category, the following conclusions are drawn: :First,On the frequency of occurrence, the highest frequency category conquest, "伐" 830 cases, "围"198 cases,"战"106 cases, followed by headed, "以" 350 cases, "帅" 164 cases, also particularly low frequency such as: the verbs of raising the war :"举"2 cases,"称"2 cases,the verbs of engaging the war :"合"2 cases,"遇"4 cases,the verbs of violation :"掩","突"only 1case ,the kind of killing :"兵"only 1 case.Second,On the specific meaning of that, the various types of delineation is the process in accordance with the campaign and these words expressed by the significance of their own to divide, at the same time all kinds of words which is very close to significance, but there are differences: the different behavior such as:征,伐,侵,袭,要,从,伏,围;act at different targets, such as:征,伐;戮,戕;moves like a different situation, such as:阵,鼓;focus on different meanings, such as:掩,兵,戕;of the original meaning of the word different:掩,伏,袭,寇,陵;meaning of different colors, such as:征,伐,侵,袭,掩。Third ,On syntactic features, these expeditions are often transitive verb category, only a few are intransitive verb,such as :合,遇,要;The forth ,On the source, the verbs appeared in Jia Gu wen are :起,兴,举,称,出,将,率(帅),以,合,鼓,侵,袭,犯,征,伐,攻,鬭,戰,从,追,逐,兵,戕,斩,杀,禦,戍,取,俘,获,禽,克,败,丧。.However, these words, although only in Oracle, but not used for such verbs are: :起,兴,称,师,出,将,合,鼓;The verbs appeared in Bronze inscriptions are:兴,帅,遇,陈,袭,寇,陵,军,伏,围,守,戮,灭,but not used as this kind are:帅(mostly just to follow),遇,寇,陵,军,伏,举,略,掩,突,胜。The verbs not appeared in Jia Gu Wen and Bronze inscriptions are :举,略,掩,突,胜. These words in "Zuo Zhuan" used for such a verb, meaning this is the result of the development.The next one, On the Situation on the record in and ,all of them are included in ,and 26 words are included in . These words in these dictionaries are interpreted as meaning the majority of battle, only a small portion is not such as :起,称,出,要,待.The last one , Combination of books later, the majority of battle has since been using these types of verbs, there are a small part in the subsequent use of it is just the gradual disappearance of the degradation of war ,for example:称,以,鼓,要,待.