The Study Of Vortex Patterns On Shang And Chou Bronzes

Vortex as a geometric pattern decoration is one of the earliest ornamentation on the bronze. Vortex is also known as a round vortex pattern or a fire pattern. The typical vortex pattern's Outer ring is a circle, the edge of the circle along has a number of inward rotation arc, usually 3-8.The center is also a circle, which is the shape of the vortex, vortex pattern named. Multi-vortex pattern decorative in bronze tripod's abdomen, jar's shoulder, the top of jia and jue or under the mouth of gui and dou, as well as the top of some travel allowance devices and the stem of weapons. Vortex is the prevalence geometric decorative patterns in Shang and Zhou dynasties.This article makes the Shang and Chou bronzes vortex pattern as a target for a more detailed discussion and research, lower limit to the Chun-qiu Period. Base on the unearthed bronzes materials, supported with the vortex materials on the vortex pattern, use the classification methods with typical examples class vortex patterns to explore the characteristics of the times they have. Vortex pattern in accordance with the characteristics of center circle divided into four categories, the center for the circle classâ… , the center for the nail classâ…¡, the center for the dots classâ…¢, the Center for the blank classâ…£. Vortex pattern in each category within the arc by the rotation of different ways into A, B two types. Each type and by the inward rotation of the arc be divided into even and odd number of a, b two subtypes, divided from the basic shape of the 16 kinds of types of vortex patterns.From the shape of the vortex pattern that is a symbol of the sun. It first appeared in Zhengzhou, Henan Province in the Da-he village sites unearthed the Yangshao culture's pottery chips. Its image is a circular, along the circular edge to the center of a number of counterclockwise rotation arcs, the center seems to be a point, which is the prototype of vortex patterns. The vortex patterns on Shang and Chou bronzes retain the basic shapes of the original symbol characteristics of the sun, which is the image of concentric circles. The middle of the two circles included a number of arc represents the vortex is formed by vapor cloud pattern. Vortex pattern as a decoration in the late development is the "jiong" word of Oracle. It Becomes a kind of hieroglyphics, and form the basis of the text can see the vortex pattern be inferred is a symbol of sun.Vortex decoration patterns first appeared on the capitals of bronze jue and jia and the lower abdomen of jia in the early Shang Dynasty, the only these two artifacts have a vortex-type decorative patterns. Vortex which is independent in this times decoratives 6-7 ornamentation composed of a single vortex pattern belt. From the point of view all types are Classâ…¡.Vortex pattern for this period is the decorative pattern of single-layer method, the arcs are incised lines, and no combination with other decorative ornamentation. The emergence of single vortex pattern that people's beliefs at this time is not from the original religion of nature worship the gods, with their production and daily lives of the sun or to maintain a mentality of respect. From the decorative objects share ratio on the abdomen of jia, the vortex pattern should be the main decoration objects on view at that times. In belief of the people of Shang, the sun's position is slightly higher than the ancestors of God, the two beliefs are independent and do not form a complete belief systems.Is the development of the late Shang dynasty bronzes reach to its peak, in terms of vortex pattern-type type of decoration or practices have a new breakthrough, and reach a peak. The popular region is more widely. Vortex's decoration is more enriched, in wine, food, and water vessels, and weapons and some bow styles ,and the most are wine vessels. Vortex pattern for this period is mainly the type of classâ… , the decoration of the main characteristics of vortex pattern with other patterns or the head of beast is a row of decorations decorative ornamentation as a supplement in the artifacts. In addition to the round button on the capitals of Bronze jia and jue and on the turtle's cove of pan which is still Cove monomer vortex decoration patterns, no longer have a single vortex pattern as the main decorative ornamentation. This decorative ornamentation with vortex pattern at this time is not the main decoration. Beliefs about the sun has been weakened, the combination decorative patterns of vortex and dragon embodied in an agricultural production for the two essential elements of nature - sunlight and water content. People of Shang combine their ancestor and the god as de master of all things in the world. They form a complete system of religious belief, and as a natural decline in the status of the gods of the sun, the Emperor of Heaven has become the rule in all things one.Early Western Zhou Dynasty vortex continues the pattern of basic shapes of the characteristics of the late Shang Dynasty. Popular types of vortex are mainly classâ… andâ…¡.The majority of decorations ara food items, musical instruments and accessories of traveling devices. At this time vortex decoration patterns still continue a feature of the late Shang Dynasty. Vortex and other patterns make two side decorated with a row of decorations on the objects or by a separate component of the vortex patterns. The row of decorations have some processes of beasts'heads. This decoration has become a supporting band patterns. The shape of vortex patterns has also changed at this time. Although the vortex pattern formed by incised lines, but the majority of the overall projections are presented on the form browser. Since the mid-Western Zhou the number of vortex pattern, significantly reduced , but in common food vessels and a number of the abdomen on unique feasts can be found. Classâ…¢andâ…£of the vortex pattern are increasing. The method in the decoration has made significant changes, although the main vortex patterns are round, the entirety is higher than the overall table. The nails and the arcs all have the effect of a bas-relief, decorations are more standardized. There are 2-3 offering during the decoration belts, embodies Zhou's "Hunger breeds" ideas. The ritual animal sacrifice has been the characteristics for the elements of agricultural production. Show that in the Western Zhou Dynasty in China it has already established a ritual of the agricultural God.In the Chun-qiu period vortex is more prevalent in the feudal State of Western Zhou, the major type is Classâ…£.And there is no significant change in shape, but the number of arc are in a downward trend. Kui on the belt decoration has become Pan Chi patterns. Vortex patterns in objects protruding surface are like pies. The decoration of bronze at this time has a new technology development. Vortex pattern is no longer incised lines or the form of bas-relie, replaced by mosaic. Arc are using copper or other metals from the mosaic. The vortex pattern at this time as a symbolic image of the sun has been gradually weakened, become a purely decorative symbols. Function of vortex pattern is also more landscaping items to fill the blank of vessels.Vortex pattern is one of the common geometric patterns on bronzes of Shang and Zhou period. First appeared in the early Shang Dynasty, has experienced the late Shang and Western Zhou Dynasty's peak of development. The gradual decline of the late Western Zhou Dynasty to the late Warring States there have been few. Vortex pattern has also gone through the main decoration to become assisted ornamentation, and finally turned into a mere decoration to fill the blanks in the development process of design. Decorative effect of the vortex pattern at the same time experienced a flat line from the incised decoration gradual transition to three-dimensional bas-relief decoration, and then combined with mosaic decoration of the plane changes.Bronze ornamentation embodies the ancient Chinese people's technological level of skills and a high degree of wisdom. Vortex pattern is also reflected changes of decorative styles and social beliefs in Shang Dynasty to Chun-qiu period. Vortex pattern is a symbol on worshiping the god of sun in the Shang and Zhou dynasties. Embodies the simple belief of the nature gods. It is rare round decoration in the Shang and Zhou bronze vessels, adding soft to the solemn times.