Research On The National Thinking And Policy Of The Emperor Xizong Of Jin Dynasty

As the third emperor of the Jin Dynasty, Xizong's reign period was considered as an important transitional period in Jin Dynasty's history. After he ascended the throne, he carried out the large-scale reform. And at the beginning of the Xizong period, the internal factional fighting in Jin Dynasty was very explosive. Therefore, the most scholars emphasize political struggle research. However, Jin Dynasty was a country in which there were many nations. So the rulers'national thinking and policy should be an important part of the domination thinking and policy. However, the national thinking and policy research of the emperor Xizong of Jin Dynasty was not enough. It can be seen only in research of the whole Jin Dynasty'national policy or the rulers'national policy to a nation. So it must be sweeping, and the research of his nation thinking was not enough. In addition, the most scholars consider the national thinking and policy of the emperor Xizong of Jin Dynasty as the first two emperors of Jin Dynasty. They think the National oppression in the first three period were serious. But they didn't square up the open aspact in national thinking and policy of the emperor Xizong of Jin Dynasty.The national thinking and policy of the emperor Xizong of Jin Dynasty was based on the development of the fitst two period of Jin Dynasty. Because the rulers of the first two period of Jin Dynasty emphasized their nation's own benefit and didn't consider the other nations'benefit was the same important. So they always use their own culther assimilated the other nations, or got benefit by endowed the benefit of other nations. So there were many national problems before the emperor Xizong of Jin Dynasty inherited the throne. First, the rulers carried out the nation-inequality policy. They put their own nation's benefit on number 1 when distributed the wealth and power, and arrange the other nations by the distance to themselves. Addional, they despoiled the other nations'wealth and people to strengthened their own power. And also, they force the Han people to change their custom severely. This policy made the conflict between the nations who was ruled and Jurchen. Xiliao and Song Dynasty also incited the Khitan in Jin Dynasty. So there many dangerous among the nations in Jin Dynasty. Secondly, in the early years of the Jin Dynasty, the Jin ruler didn't find a good way to administer the nations. In the period of the emperor Taizu of Jin Dynasty, he carried out the Jurchen systerm—MengAnMouKe systerm in the whole country, but this made the Han's resistance. So the emperor Taizong of Jin Dynasty had to stop to continue to carried out this systerm. He hold on the Han's ZhouXian systerm in some aeras, but still to carry out MengAnMouKe systerm in oher aeras. In addition, the GuoLunBoJiLie systerm was not fit on the MengAnMouKe systerm and tribes systerm, Jiu systerm. This was not conducive to the nation management of Jin Dynasty. Thirdly, as a rapid rose nation, Jurchen wanted to rule the Han, Khitan, BoHai, Xi nations and so on well when the ruled nations were so developed, must rose their own culture. But before the emperor Xizong of Jin Dynasty ascended the throne, Jurchen's culture was not developed enough.In order to solve the problems, the emperor Xizong of Jin Dynasty formed his national thinking, and carried out somg policy under these thinking.1.Conciliation policy under the"Within the four seas, all the people are my subordinates"thinking . The emperor Xizong of Jin Dynasty advanced this thinking when he discussed the ZhouXian officer employing problem with his ministers.He said:"Within the four seas, all the people are my subordinates, if we treat them in diggerent ways, how can the country achieve the unity? The proverb said: no trust, no employ. I will employ the officer according to their ability from now on."Under this thinking, he break the boundaries of nation when employing officers of central and local government. He also use this thinking in other aeras, for example the legal and the culture policy. He treated every nations justly when formulate legal, and respected the other nations'custom;2.Surveillance and controlling policy under the Nation prevantion thinking. It was not enough only to carry out conciliation policy to the nations in Jin Dynasty. Because the nations still not to accepted the Jin's domination. They always wanted to escape , resist or separate. So the emperor Xizong of Jin Dynasty keep alert to prevent the dangerous;3.Administrition policy under the Centralization thinking. Every rulers want to control the nations in his country closely, and this always become ture by the management to the nations. So the emperor Xizong of Jin Dynasty leatned the exhortations of the before period, in the premise of retain the organizations which fit on the nations, repormed the ZhouXian systerm in Han and BoHai aeras, MengAnMouKe systerm in Khitan and Xi aeras, Tribes and Jiu system in nomadic nations aeras.He enhanced the control by put the nations in an unified systerm; 4,Sinicize policy under the"effective slowly, Collaborative slowly"thinking. In order to strengthen the power of Jurchen, so as to establish the long-term and stable domination, the emperor Xizong of Jin Dynasty carried out the sinicize reform in bureaucracy systerm, thinking,protocol systerm and culture areas and so on .Although the national thinking of the emperor Xizong of Jin Dynasty was still conservative to some extent because of the age limitations, and he also didn't achieved all he had said, but after all, he put forward some advanced thinking which hadn't been put forward before. So the national thinking of the emperor Xizong of Jin Dynasty was more open than the first two emperors of Jin Dystany, we shoule give him some affirmation. And his sinicize policy was in the line with the time. These nation thinking and policy released the conflict between the ruled nations and Jurchen ruler, reduced the difference between the nations, maintained the domination order, improved the power of Jurchen. promoted the integeration among the nations in Jin Dynasty and had an impact to the generations.