A Study On The Relief And Rehabilitation Of Jin-sui-cha

Postwar relief was an important task planned by countries of the world Anti-fascist Alliance after the end of the war.It was also a momentary flash of light during the dark left by the World War Two.During the Anti-Japanese war,Shanxi,Suiyuan,and Chahar three provinces were occupied and extensively devastated by the enemy and war,what's worse,the wreak havoc of nature hazards made people badly suffer from extremely poverty,hence,the government relief was imperative and urgent.After the war,with the support of United Nations Relief and Rehabilitation Administration(UNRRA),the relief and rehabilitation activities in China were officially carried out.Relief and Rehabilitation Administration of National Government of the Republic of China's Executive Yuan(CNRRA)also set up Jin-sui-cha branch as the executing agency to launch the relief and rehabilitation activities in Shanxi,Suiyuan and Chahar provinces.However,widely recaptured areas of KMT,together with Jin-cha-ji,Jin-sui,and Jin-ji-lu-yu base areas founded by CCP were also in the jurisdiction of Jin-sui cha branch,therefore,the situation of Jin-sui-cha branch was more complicated than other branches in the south.This paper takes the Jin-sui-cha branch of CNRRA as the research object to investigate institutional organization of the branch and its relief and rehabilitation activities within the jurisdictional regions;tries to revivify the relief and rehabilitation activities in KMT recaptured areas and CCP liberated areas;evaluates the performance of relief and rehabilitation of Chinese National Government under different political powers;and estimates their orientation of relief and rehabilitation.This paper consists of five parts.The first part reviews loss conditions of Jin-sui-ji provinces in the period of Anti-Aggressive War to verify the impendency to launch the relief and rehabilitation activities at that time,and Shanxi Province is the key point;the second part summarizes and collects the dynamically historical contextsamong the UNRRA,the CNRRA and Jin-sui-ji branch,focusing on elaborating the administrative structures and personal arrangement of Jin-sui-ji branch;the third part expounds the performance of relief and rehabilitation of Jin-sui-cha branch in the recaptured area of Chinese National Government in the premise of the relief and rehabilitation principle and respectively discusses the methods,funds and material inputs of relief and rehabilitation activities to evaluate its implementation of the self-relief principle;the forth part mainly introduces the relief and rehabilitation activities of the branch in liberated areas of CCP,and it takes the relief activities of the eighth working team in Jin-ji-lu-yu liberated area as an example to revivify the original appearance of the branch in liberated areas of CCP and discusses different considerations and games between the branch and CCP in the relief and rehabilitation work to judge the relief orientation and working attitude of the branch in liberated areas of CCP;the fifth part mainly evaluates the performance of Jin-sui-cha branch in these three provinces to estimate its effectivity and deficiency and discusses the restraining factors.According to the research,we find that under the brutal ruling of Japanese invaders,the Jin-sui-cha provinces suffered from devastating loss and millions of refugees were displaced,hence it was extremely urgent to launch relief and rehabilitation activities.Although the Jin-sui-cha branch emphasized the significance of rehabilitation,they arranged the majority of material funds in relief projects like urgent and working reliefs,and its rehabilitation activities focused on constructions and restorations of farmland and hydraulic engineering.The work of Jin-sui-ji branch indeed saved millions of lives and restored those three provinces to some degree.However,with the aggravation of China's civil war crisis and the all-around upgrade of war,the postwar relief and rehabilitation work permeated deeply into the political wrestling between the two parties and even became a fierce battle for the hearts of the people,which seemed on the surface layer to be just a simple international rescue activities.The Jin-sui-ji branch failed to fullyimplement their so-called ‘treat equality' principle,and they still had political discrimination to the relief and rehabilitation activities in liberated areas of CCP.Although their relief and rehabilitation work achieved some results,badly affected by the destroy of war,lack of material funds,the interference of different interest groups,various drawbacks on its own and preceding political tendency,its effect of relief and rehabilitation was greatly declined.