The Eisenhower Government And 1954 Guatemala Coup

Guatemala is a country which is located in Middle America, as for the whole world side, it is not special, but it has a very important strategic position in the United States''backyard', and it is also a scramble focus between the Soviet Union and the United States after the Second World War. Much more research about the fight between the Soviet Union and the United States is the United States'containment strategy to Cuba, but few people know that before'the Cuba missile crisis', there was already a'covert operation'—'PBSUCCESS'in Guatemala. The United States launched a plan that aimed at the elected government in Guatemala for the reason that Guatemala was under the threat of communism. This action was planned and implemented by the CIA. After it was established in 1947, the first'covert operation'was'TPAJAX'that overthrew the Mossadegh Government in Iran, 1953. The'PBSUCCESS'that overthrew the Guatemala government in 1954 was for the Soviet Union.In this action, the United States sought agents in Guatemala and exiled officers, and provided money and arms to them. The United States adopted the combination of diplomatic pressure and psychological warfare to overthrow the elected government of Guatemala at last, and this is a mode and way of America to interfere the internal affairs of other countries in Middle America.There are three parts in this article including preface, text and conclusion. And the text body also has three parts.The preface includes the value of the subject, the significance, the research methods and the research situation on the subject in and out.In the first part of the text, analysis on the background of Guatemala coup: the development of communism in Latin America, the fear of U.S. to communism and the impact of Ideological on its foreign policy; the domestic development of Guatemala after 1944 Revolution, the dissatisfaction of America to the Arbenz government policies, and finally the United States government decided to overthrow it.The second part, the United States government planned and implemented the action to overthrow the Guatemala government. The first plan which was named'PBFORTUNE'had to be terminated for leaking the secret; the second'PBSUCCESS'plan was smoothly implemented. The United States government sought a reasonable excuse in Caracas Conference for the action, supplied arms and funds to the exiled Armas and implemented propaganda war to Guatemala to overthrow Arbenz government.The third part, after the overthrow of Arbenz government, there were a series of impacts. This action was a success at that time, but it terminated the democratization process of Guatemala, aroused anti-American sentiment among other Latin American countries, caused social unrest in Guatemala and became the main factors in the region.Conclusion, the covert operation that overthrew Arbenz government was the needs of the United States cold war strategy. During the situation of the Cold War, in order to avoid the communism's feeler expanding into its influent region, the United States kept an abnormal vigilance to its surroundings, and it could not tolerant any red signs. This fully exposed the fear of America to the expansion of Soviet Union, communism and the narrowness of so-called democracy in the United States, and illustrated the fierce and cruel fight in the early cold war struggle at the same time.