Some Grammatical Phenomena In San Sui Ping Yao Zhuan

Rappelz novel San Sui Ping Yao Zhuan(hereinafter referred to as Ping Yao Zhuan) was edited by Luo Guanzhong of late Yuan Dynasty.The main story is about the peasant uprising lanched by Wang Ze and Hu Yonger and then suppressed by Wen Yanbo during Injong years in North Song Dynasty.Language in this text is plain and natral with a colloquial character of daily life.This novel has retained a large number of colloquials and slangs of Ming Dynasty,so in the history of modern Chinese grammar study,Ping Yao Zhuan has a higher status with signigicant academic values.Selecting Ping Yao Zhuan as the research subject,this article focuses on the functional words such as prepositions,particles,adverbs and some special syntactic phenomena.Firstly,it makes a description of morphology and syntax with the method of mathematical statistics.Then,on the basis of the exhaustion of statistics,it focuses on the analysis of some special grammars in this book with the combination of synchronic and diachronic studies.The author chooses Romance of the Three Kingdoms for synchronic study while for diachronic study,she focuses on comparing the similar expressions or phenomena in modern Chinese Mandarin.The main contents of this paper is divided into five chapters.ChapterⅠis the introduction part.According to the overview research of Ping Yao Zhuan,it points out the purpose and significance of this research,the scope for study of this article and also the main research methods.ChapterⅡto ChapterⅣis the main parts of this article.ChapterⅡis about particles including de(得),shi(时),jiang(将),ge(个) and lai(来).They have high frequencies of occurrence and special usages in Ping Yao Zhuan. For example,shi(时) was originally a word indicating time,but in Ping Yao Zhuan,it was often used as postpositional subjunctive particles.On the basis of exhaustion of statistical analysis of shi(时),the author describes in detail their different usages respectively.It is the same as some other ones.ChapterⅢis about prepositions including the special position of prepositional phrases,compound prepositions and several special prepositions among which prepositional phrases denoting locations are characteristicly placed at the end of a sentence.In this section,the anthor also adopts the method of exhaustion of statistics and detailed description to explore its causes.This paper takes dacong(打从), wangcong(往从),zaiyu(在于) and jiuyu(就于) from compound prepositions as examples to describe their meanings and usages as well as discuss the similarities and differences.In areas of special prepositions,it discusses prepositions with similar grammatical functions and meanings like chao(朝),xiang(向),wang(往) and wang(望).ChapterⅣis about adverbs including zai(再),you(又),haosheng(好生), zensheng(怎生),wuzi(兀自),duande(端的) and que(却).For example,there was a misuse of zai(再) and you(又) in Ping Yao Zhuan.On the analysis of their different misusing situations,the author points out the underlying reasons.Haosheng(好生) can be both used as adverd of degree or of manner.Wuzi(兀自) and duande(端的) are unique and representative of modern Chinese period,so this article also discusses them. Que(却) in Ping Yao Zhuan appears very frequently and its usage is rather special.Que (却) as an adverb can not only express the turning point but also continuing.ChapterⅤmainly discusses the special word orders including Disposal Forms, Causative Forms,Passive Forms,Metaphysical Forms and sentences with construing synonyms.Disposal Forms,Causative Forms,Passive Forms in Ping Yao Zhuan are with distinct characteristics and linked with each other closely.This paper has also conducted more comprehensive and in-depth discussion on them.The uniqueness of Metaphysical Forms lies in the using of analogy words and their word orders.Sentences with construing synonyms are mainly those concerning the construing of nouns and verbs with same meanings.It is the need of expression.Finally,the conclusion part is the summary of the above research.