A Study On Zidishu Of Qing Dynasty

There is a long history of talking and singing literature in our Country, however, it is a weakness that the investigations of folk literature in the studies of the ancient literature of our Country particularly in the studies of the Zidishu which depended on hand-written copy and minority block-printed edition to conservation. The data of Zidishu is very difficult to collect and study because its short life only with 200 years. Much to my regret, the Zidishu is unfamiliar to most people. Simultaneously, there are many different voices in appraising Zidishu.It was kept in national library that the data about Zidishu in our mainland China and I went to there 4 times to gather the data between 2007.7 and 2008.8. This thesis is based upon "Zidishu of A Dream of Hongloumeng" "The collections of Zidishu" "The handwritten copy collections of Zidishu in Che king mansion in the age of Qing Dynasty" "The Zidishu collections in Che king mansion of MongoliEn in the age of Qing Dynasty" "The hundred precious types of Zidishu". There are knowledge of history and psychology and scientific methods of statistics and comparison in this thesis that are based on my sorting out the data and reading them seriously. The writer tried to reveal the growth of the Zidishu and to study deeply and rationally the reason of its development, prevalence and fading and to investigate the trait in literature and language of Zidishu itself. Then I wish we could see Zidishu completely and appraise it fairly.Zidishu was folk art form of Man of our nation around Beijing of Qing Dynasty which also named Zidishu under the " Banners system" and Zidishu of surd. Gu lin , who was lived in Qing Dynasty, said about the appearance of Zidishu that "It was the summer of XinHai when I konwed the Zidishu that around the gate of Capital". Thus, we can conclude that the spread of Zidishu started from the emperor of Chiarnlurng because the XinHai was the fifty-sixth year of Chiarnlurng of Qing Dynasty (A.D.1791). It was about 184 years old from A.D.1756 when the first block-printed edition appeared to A.D.1940 when Zidishu disappeared in the 29^th of Republic of China.The writer found that there had both spoken parts and symbolize of dramatic in minority Zidishu compared with there had only singing part which supported by senior scholar. It was reasonable and possible that Zidishu influenced by dramatic, therefore, I deem that Zidishu belong to Guci in art category and origin from dramatic.The plenty content of Zidishu include 3 categories: the adaptations of classical works of ancient China, the content that selected from the authors daily life, rumor recording which selected from folktale. In addition to the elegance words which similar to epic, there are 5 characteristics in the language of Zidishu. First, there are many parataxis sentences that start with ABB words type. Second, many works are adapted from classical works of ancient China. Third, there is quantity spoken language of Northern mandarin. Forth, the specificity words with Chinese language and Manchu language. Fifth, the feet of Zidishu is Thirteen Rhyme of north China.The collection and investigation of Zidishu will contribute greatly to reserve and develop the heritage of our national dramatic and folk art and to add the catalog and content of dramatic and, what's more, to bring to a great height of development of Chinese folk art. It also have a great realistic significance in reserving the heritage of un-material civilization that to collect and investigate Zidishu.