The Political Thought Of Liu Dakui

In the age of Three Emperors (Kangxi, Yongzheng and Qianlong), literary inquisition was commonly occurring which has resulted in style of writing and study fell to oppressive stillness. As the biggest genres of prose, Tongcheng School proposed to convert the ancient literature to modern literature, to foster and enhance the spirit of ancient literature movement which proposed by Han Yu and Liu Zongyuan in Tang Dynasty. Due to Liu Dakui was praised as "HanYu'back" by his teachers Fang Bao and Han Yu, who are the ancestor of Tongcheng School, so many researchers considered that Liu Dakui "Learn from Han Yu", but ignored the relationship between Liu Zongyuna and Liu Dakui. By comparing Liu Zongyuan's corpus to Liu Dakui's carefully, they are sharing the similar view of history, even run in the same groove. Many Liu zongyuan's views on heaven and man, view of talent and view on people's livelihood have an obvious impact on Liu Dakui. This article is divided into four parts, to analyze Liu Dakui's view of history by concentrating Liu Zongyuan's impact on him.The first part is views of heaven and man. This section discusses from three aspects. The first aspect is the Liu Zongyuan's view on materialism; nature has nothing to do with the human. He thought that heaven knew nothing and could not control human's life. This is the promotion of Liu Zongyuan's view of "everyone deserved what he has own", denied the theory that man is an integral part of nature from the perspective on materialism. The second is an extension of the first aspect, Liu Dakui got a deep impact of Liu's view of unified, from the original aspect to testify "heaven and man are isolated", point out that isolate"Qi"is the origin of the world, the movement track of "Yin", "Yang"and "Qi"are the the order of nature. The third part is the extension of "the relationship between heaven and man", the "divine right of kings" theory which processed by imperial autarchy society, aimed at cement the tyranny. After all, "nature has nothing to do with the human", the relationship between Emperor and officer should be colleague, but not only obedience. This is the inheritance to Liu Zongyuan's theory.The second part is the view of talent. This part is divided into four aspects. First, Liu Dakui has similar fate to Liu Zongyuan who are talent but failed the entrance exam many times, finally proposed the view of careers are open to talents, claimed to break up choosing officer by lineage, this is also the essence which Liu Zongyuan used to refute " base hinder your view is the essence of". The second part, Liu Dakui proposed that the real talent should have both ability and political integrity, official minister and force minister have a sharp sense of integrity when facing adversity and enemy, this concept shows the same political sense to Liu Zongyuan. Liu Dakui applied Liu Zongyuan's view of "The honest man take pain, and then enjoy pleasure" to practical, consoled himself that never echo the views of others but own individual judgment and thought. The forth part, article is the essence of scholar's thought. A article titled "Utility" is the thought reflection of talent. Therefore, he claimed to convert the ancient literature to modern literature, against pompous modern articles, it got a coincidence to Liu Zongyuan, and promoted his ancient literature movement spirit.The third part is the view on people's livelihood which divided into two parts. First Liu Dakui was against eunuch's dictatorship and stated his political theory, this is the same to Liu Zongyuan's fable"Yong Moshi's mice". Liu Dakui's idea on talent is that talent should be the main power to manage the country and help the Emperor to maintain citizen's happy and peace livelihood, this is the reflection of Liu Zongyuan's "Li Anyuanyuan". The second part, Liu Dakui claimed that officers should "service for the people"and establish the right sense of worth which extended Liu Zongyuan'sofficials service to the people". Based on Liu Zongyuan, Liu Dakui continued to explain that for all people's livelihood, there is no big or small issues, all the officer should do is to try their best to help and serve citizen. It is worth to notice here that even Liu Dakui has the early democracy thought, but he did not raise his thought to the layer of Emperor Dictatorship, it is resulted from Liu Zongyuan's influence.The forth part is conclusion. We can have a conclusion according to the previous three analysis:as one of the three progenitors of Tongcheng School, Liu Dakui got a deep influence from Liu Zongyuan's views on heaven and man, view of talent and view on people's livelihood, he denied the theory that man is an integral part of nature, against Qing Dynasty's "worship heaven", objected eight-legged essays system and claimed to careers are open to talents that point it to the personnel system of the government. Therefore, his thought is distinctive in Tongcheng School. The ancient literature movement in Tang Dynasty extended to Qing Dynasty because of Tongcheng School and what's more, Liu Dakui inherited Liu Zongyuan's simple materialism and extended it to Qing Dynasty, brought a pure and fresh academic style to the boring one in Qing Dynasty, broke down the overall situation which Qian-Jia school grasped in academic circle.