Relationship Between The Structure Of College Students, Defensive Pessimism And Parenting Styles

Defensive pessimism is one of self-protection strategies.People who set unrealistically low expectations prior to entering a situation in order to prepare themselves for potential failure and to motivate themselves to work hard in order to avoid that failure.There are a number of reasons for people to use defensive pessimism,not only the role of psychological factors,but also such as social and family environment, situational variables such external factors.On the basis of Chinese culture background and foreign studies of defensive pessimism,using literature analysis,inverview method,open questionaire,and questionnaire survey,we proposed the questionnaire of defensive pessimism of college students.We developed a two-component construction of defensive pessimism.We used the independent sample T test and one-way analysis of variance to analyze difference of demographic variables in the dimensions of defensive pessimism among different college students.We adopted collrelation analysis and regression analysis to explore the relationship between the defensive pessimism and parenting styles.The study reaches conclusions as follows:Firstly , organizing the defensive pessimism questionnaire includes twelve items,and the structure of it is composed of two dimensions:defensive expectation;reflectivity.This questionnaire has good reliability and Validity.Secondly, there is no significant gender difference on defensive pessimism, there,s significant grade difference on defensive pessimism,Scores of freshman student were significantly higher than other grades.Science students and liberal art students have no significant difference in reflectivity,but they have significant difference on defensive expectation,liberal art students scored significantly higher than the Science students,. Thirdly,defensive pessimism is extremely correlated with parenting styles.Different parenting styles have relative significance to defensive pessimism.